High-frequency analysis of linearity improvement technique of common-emitter transconductance stage using a low-frequency-trap network

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng Leong Fong
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linearity Improvement

Reliability Prediction of RV Reducer Based on Fault Tree and Monte-Carlo Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.G. Sun ◽  
G.B. Yu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
Y.Q. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Rv Reducer ◽  
System Life

Wavelet de-nosing method for complex signal is put forward in this paper. The time resolution and frequency resolution are changed as wavelet transform for signal analysis. It uses high-frequency resolution and low time resolution in low frequency analysis, and uses low-frequency resolution and high time resolution in high frequency analysis. So it fit the uncertainty principle and realize the signal time domain and in frequency domain at the same time. In this paper, the configuration of RV reducer is briefly introduced, and its fault tree is constructed taking the fault of “Output shaft can not transfer torque” as top event through illuminating potential system unit failures and analyze the effect on whole system. And then system reliability qualitative and quantitative analysis are conducted. The fault tree qualitative analysis is operated based on the minimal cut set. Followed establishing simulation model of RV reducer, system life time is obtained using Monte-Carlo random sampling method. Furthermore, system life distribution is deduced, and point and confidence interval of distribution parameters and reliability characters are given by Maximum Likelihood Estimate. Finally, simulation experiment and results analysis are given to show the effectiveness of this method.

scholarly journals Specific Posture-Stabilising Effects of Vision and Touch Are Revealed by Distinct Changes of Body Oscillation Frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Sozzi ◽  
Antonio Nardone ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Spectral Amplitude ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed

We addressed postural instability during stance with eyes closed (EC) on a compliant surface in healthy young people. Spectral analysis of the centre of foot pressure oscillations was used to identify the effects of haptic information (light-touch, EC-LT), or vision (eyes open, EO), or both (EO-LT). Spectral median frequency was strongly reduced by EO and EO-LT, while spectral amplitude was reduced by all “stabilising” sensory conditions. Reduction in spectrum level by EO mainly appeared in the high-frequency range. Reduction by LT was much larger than that induced by the vision in the low-frequency range, less so in the high-frequency range. Touch and vision together produced a fall in spectral amplitude across all windows, more so in anteroposterior (AP) direction. Lowermost frequencies contributed poorly to geometric measures (sway path and area) for all sensory conditions. The same subjects participated in control experiments on a solid base of support. Median frequency and amplitude of the spectrum and geometric measures were largely smaller when standing on solid than on foam base but poorly affected by the sensory conditions. Frequency analysis but not geometric measures allowed to disclose unique tuning of the postural control mode by haptic and visual information. During standing on foam, the vision did not reduce low-frequency oscillations, while touch diminished the entire spectrum, except for the medium-high frequencies, as if sway reduction by touch would rely on rapid balance corrections. The combination of frequency analysis with sensory conditions is a promising approach to explore altered postural mechanisms and prospective interventions in subjects with central or peripheral nervous system disorders.

An Analysis of Frequency of Continuous Blood Pressure Variation and Haemodynamic Responses during Haemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Venkata R. Latha Gullapudi ◽  
Kelly White ◽  
Jill Stewart ◽  
Paul Stewart ◽  
Mohammed T. Eldehni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Haemodynamic Monitoring ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Average Real Variability

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Higher beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) variation during haemodialysis (HD) has been shown to be associated with elevated cardiac damage markers and white matter ischaemic changes in the brain suggesting relevance to end-organ perfusion. We aimed to characterize individual patterns of BP variation and associated haemodynamic responses to HD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty participants underwent continuous non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring during HD and BP variation were assessed using extrema point (EP) frequency analysis. Participants were divided into those with a greater proportion of low frequency (LF, <i>n</i> = 21) and high frequency (HF, <i>n</i> = 22) of BP variation. Clinical and haemodynamic data were compared between groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Median EP frequencies for mean arterial pressure (MAP) of mid-week HD sessions were 0.54 Hz (interquartile range 0.18) and correlated with dialysis vintage (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.039), NT pro-BNP levels (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.038), and average real variability (ARV) of systolic BP (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.029), ARV of diastolic BP (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and ARV of MAP (<i>r</i> = 0.57, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). In the LF group, MAP positively correlated with cardiac power index (CPI) in each hour of dialysis, but not with total peripheral resistance index (TPRI). In contrast, in the HF group, MAP correlated with TPRI in each hour of dialysis but only with CPI in the first hour. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> EP frequency analysis of continuous BP monitoring during dialysis allows assessment of BP variation and categorization of individuals into low- or high-frequency groups, which were characterized by different haemodynamic responses to dialysis. This may assist in improved individualization of dialysis therapy.

Reducer Vibration De-Noising Signal Research Based on Wavelet Transform

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Bin Yu ◽  
Long Huang ◽  
Bing Dai ◽  
Xue Mei Wu ◽  
Wen Sheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Signal Time

Wavelet de-nosing method for complex signal is put forward in this paper. The time resolution and frequency resolution are changed as wavelet transform for signal analysis. It uses high-frequency resolution and low time resolution in low frequency analysis, and uses low-frequency resolution and high time resolution in high frequency analysis. So it fit the uncertainty principle and realize the signal time domain and in frequency domain at the same time.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

Evaluation of Special Hearing Aids for Deaf Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Erber
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Limit ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Published Research

Two types of special hearing aid have been developed recently to improve the reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. In a different way, each special system provides greater low-frequency acoustic stimulation to deaf ears than does a conventional hearing aid. One of the devices extends the low-frequency limit of amplification; the other shifts high-frequency energy to a lower frequency range. In general, previous evaluations of these special hearing aids have obtained inconsistent or inconclusive results. This paper reviews most of the published research on the use of special hearing aids by deaf children, summarizes several unpublished studies, and suggests a set of guidelines for future evaluations of special and conventional amplification systems.

Efeitos do Método Pilates sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, flexibilidade e variáveis antropométricas em indivíduos sedentários

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Maria Lina Silva Leite
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do Método Pilates sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, na flexibilidade e nas variáveis antropométricas em indivíduos sedentários. O presente estudo contou com 14 voluntárias do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 40 e 55 anos, que realizaram 20 sessões de exercícios do Método Pilates, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 45 minutos cada sessão, dividida em três fases: repouso, exercício e recuperação. As variáveis estudadas foram: os dados antropométricos, flexibilidade avaliada utilizando o teste de sentar-e-alcançar com o Banco de Wells, e intervalos R-R usando um cardiotacômetro. O processamento dos sinais da frequência cardíaca foi efetuado em ambiente MatLab 6.1®, utilizando a TWC. Os dados coletados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon e Anova One Way (α = 0,05). Nos resultados, observou-se que não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores antropométricos e de frequência cardíaca, porém houve aumento da flexibilidade com o treinamento. Comparando a primeira e a vigésima sessão com relação aos parâmetros low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), e relação LF/HF, não houve diferença na fase de repouso e foram constatadas diferenças significativas de LF (p = 0,04) e HF (p = 0,04) na fase de exercício e diferença significativa de LF/HF (p = 0,05) na fase de recuperação. Comparando os parâmetros nos períodos de repouso, exercícios e recuperação durante a primeira sessão e durante a vigésima sessão, não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros LF, HF e LF/HF. Pode-se concluir que, em relação à flexibilidade, foi observada uma melhora significativa, enquanto a análise da frequência cardíaca caracterizou a intensidade do exercício de 50% da capacidade funcional das voluntárias. Em relação aos parâmetros LF, HF e LF/HF foram observados um aumento da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, provavelmente produto da atividade do Método Pilates. A Transformada Wavelet (TWC) mostrou-se um Método adequado para as análises da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca.Palavras-chave: frequência cardíaca, Transformada Wavelet, Pilates.

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