Information acquisition support for decision-makers using the Multiplex Risk Communicator system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yajima ◽  
Tomohiro Watanabe ◽  
Ryoichi Sasaki ◽  
Manabu Kurosawa ◽  
Noriko Kando
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Decision Makers

scholarly journals Attention Discrimination: Theory and Field Experiments with Monitoring Information Acquisition

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Bartoš ◽  
Michal Bauer ◽  
Julie Chytilová ◽  
Filip Matějka
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Rental Housing Market

We integrate tools to monitor information acquisition in field experiments on discrimination and examine whether gaps arise already when decision makers choose the effort level for reading an application. In both countries we study, negatively stereotyped minority names reduce employers' effort to inspect resumes. In contrast, minority names increase information acquisition in the rental housing market. Both results are consistent with a model of endogenous allocation of costly attention, which magnifies the role of prior beliefs and preferences beyond the one considered in standard models of discrimination. The findings have implications for magnitude of discrimination, returns to human capital and policy. (JEL C93, D83, J15, J16, J24, J71, R31)

scholarly journals The Influence of Verbatim Versus Gist Formatting on Younger and Older Adults’ Information Acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 557-557
Author(s):  
Julia Nolte ◽  
Corinna Loeckenhoff ◽  
Valerie Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory

Abstract It is well-established that pre-decisional information seeking decreases with age (Mata & Nunes, 2010). However, it is still unknown whether age differences in information acquisition are influenced by the type of information provided. Fuzzy-trace theory suggests that decision makers prefer gist-based over verbatim-based processing, and that this preference increases across the lifespan. Therefore, we hypothesized that age differences arise when presenting participants with verbatim details (such as exact numbers) but not gist information (such as ”extremely poor” or “good”). In a lab-based experiment, 68 younger adults and 66 older adults completed a gist-based and a verbatim-based search task before making health insurance choices. Younger and older adults reviewed similar amounts of information in either condition. In line with Fuzzy-trace theory, however, older adults sought more information when presented with gist rather than verbatim information. The role of age-associated covariates and implications for decision-making will be discussed.

Examining Decision-Making Strategies Based on Information Acquisition and Information Search Time

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Marble ◽  
Heather D. Medema ◽  
Susan G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Search Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Decision Confidence ◽  
Trade Offs

Eight participants reviewed a multimedia presentation regarding the hypoxic zone phenomenon in a role-play as a legislator's aide. They rated the phenomenon's importance to the United States and indicated what portion of the legislator's budget to devote to research of it. After viewing a segment of the presentation, participants indicated their distance to a decision and confidence that would be their final decision. Interviews after each segment revealed two decision strategies: slow movement toward a decision, or abrupt decision-making after approximately half the presentation. Decision style was correlated with decision confidence. These two groups differed in their trade-offs of willingness to spend time in information search and need for more information. Slow decision makers were less confident about their final decision; acquisition of information was more critical than time spent on the information search. Abrupt decision-makers were more confident of their final decision; minimizing time spent in information search was more critical than information acquisition.

scholarly journals Proposal of an assessment scale in competitive intelligence applied to the tourism sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Casado Salguero ◽  
Pedro Carlos Resende Jr. ◽  
Ignacio Aldeanueva Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Validation Method ◽  
Tourism Sector

Companies operate in uncertain environments, where decision-making is acomplex task. Thus, one of the key elements to take into account in the aforementioned decision-making is the environment in which the business operates. This is where competitive intelligence (CI) makes sense, understood as the process of establishing the environmental information needs, information acquisition and its analysis, transforming it into intelligence and putting it at the service of decision-makers in the company. This paper focuses on theproposal of a CI model that can be applied in the tourism sector, specifically in hotels, due to the relevance of this sector in many economies worldwide. In order to build the model a deep review of the CI literature was made and subsequently the content validation method was applied, for the purpose of identifying the most important items in the two first stages of the CI cycle: planning and collection.

scholarly journals Control over sampling boosts numerical evidence processing in human decisions from experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Appelhoff ◽  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Bernhard Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Choice Accuracy ◽  
Behavioral Choice ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Sample Information ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Levels Of Control

When acquiring information about choice alternatives, decision makers may have varying levels of control over which and how much information they sample before making a choice. How does control over sampling affect the quality of experience-based decisions? Here, combining variants of a numerical sampling task with neural recordings, we show that control over when to stop sampling can enhance (i) behavioral choice accuracy, (ii) the build-up of parietal decision signals, and (iii) the encoding of numerical sample information in multivariate electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. None of these effects were observed when participants could only control which alternatives to sample, but not when to stop sampling. Furthermore, levels of control had no effect on early sensory signals or on the extent to which sample information leaked from memory. The results indicate that freedom to stop sampling can amplify decisional evidence processing from the outset of information acquisition and lead to more accurate choices.

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

Haunted by a Doppelgänger

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Stefan M. Herzog ◽  
Jörg Rieskamp
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Employees ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Facial Similarity ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Judgment Strategy

Judging other people is a common and important task. Every day professionals make decisions that affect the lives of other people when they diagnose medical conditions, grant parole, or hire new employees. To prevent discrimination, professional standards require that decision makers render accurate and unbiased judgments solely based on relevant information. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias. Psychological research suggests that people only rely on similarity-based judgment strategies if the provided information does not allow them to make accurate rule-based judgments. Our study shows, however, that facial similarity to previously encountered persons influences judgment even in situations in which relevant information is available for making accurate rule-based judgments and where similarity is irrelevant for the task and relying on similarity is detrimental. In two experiments in an employment context we show that applicants who looked similar to high-performing former employees were judged as more suitable than applicants who looked similar to low-performing former employees. This similarity effect was found despite the fact that the participants used the relevant résumé information about the applicants by following a rule-based judgment strategy. These findings suggest that similarity-based and rule-based processes simultaneously underlie human judgment.

Recognizing Users of the Recognition Heuristic

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Rüdiger F. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Recognition Heuristic ◽  
Inference Strategy

The recognition heuristic is hypothesized to be a frugal inference strategy assuming that inferences are based on the recognition cue alone. This assumption, however, has been questioned by existing research. At the same time most studies rely on the proportion of choices consistent with the heuristic as a measure of its use which may not be fully appropriate. In this study, we propose an index to identify true users of the heuristic contrasting them to decision makers who incorporate further knowledge beyond recognition. The properties and the applicability of the proposed index are investigated in the reanalyses of four published experiments and corroborated by a new study drawn up to rectify the shortcomings of the reanalyzed experiments. Applying the proposed index to explore the influence of knowledge we found that participants who were more knowledgeable made use of the information available to them and achieved the highest proportion of correct inferences.

Description of the sources of stress for palliative-care nurses: Implications for decision makers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Fillion ◽  
◽  
Louise Saint-Laurent ◽  
Martine Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Decision Makers
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