Does repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) have therapeutic effects on Dynamic Balance of Children with Cerebral Palsy? *

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has therapeutic effects on craving in methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MUD). The chronic abuse of METH causes impairments in executive function, and improving executive function reduces relapse and improves treatment outcomes for drug use disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine whether executive function helped predict patients' responses to rTMS treatment.Methods: This study employed intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS modalities and observed their therapeutic effects on executive function and craving in MUD patients. MUD patients from an isolated Drug Rehabilitation Institute in China were chosen and randomly allocated to the iTBS group and sham-stimulation group. All participants underwent the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version Scale (BRIEF-A) and Visual Analog Scales (VAS) measurements. Sixty-five healthy adults matched to the general condition of MUD patients were also recruited as healthy controls.Findings: Patients with MUD had significantly worse executive function. iTBS groups had better treatment effects on the MUD group than the sham-stimulation group. Further Spearman rank correlation and stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that reduction rates of the total score of the BRIEF-A and subscale scores of the inhibition factor and working memory factor in the iTBS group positively correlated with improvements in craving. ROC curve analysis showed that working memory (AUC = 87.4%; 95% CI = 0.220, 0.631) and GEC (AUC = 0.761%; 95% CI = 0.209, 0.659) had predictive power to iTBS therapeutic efficacy. The cutoff values are 13.393 and 59.804, respectively.Conclusions: The iTBS rTMS had a better therapeutic effect on the executive function of patients with MUD, and the improved executive function had the potential to become a predictor for the efficacy of iTBS modality for MUD treatment.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR2100046954.

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Synergistic Effects of Scalp Acupuncture and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cerebral Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10020087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Jae-Hong Kim ◽

Jae-Young Han ◽

Min-Keun Song ◽

Gwang-Cheon Park ◽

Jeong-Soon Lee

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Scalp Acupuncture ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled

This study investigated the synergistic effects of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), known to be effective for cerebral infarction. This outcome-assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial included a per-protocol analysis to compare the efficacy of SA and electromagnetic convergence stimulation (SAEM-CS) and single or no stimulation. The trial was conducted with 42 cerebral infarction patients (control group, 12; SA group, 11; rTMS group, 8; SAEM-CS group, 11). All patient groups underwent two sessions of CSRT per day. SA, rTMS, and SAEM-CS were conducted once per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was evaluated using the Fugl–Mayer assessment (FMA). FMA Upper Extremity, FMA total, MBI, and FIM scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the control group. Additionally, FMA Upper Extremity, FMA total, MBI and FIM scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the SAEM-CS group. However, there were no significant changes in the SA or SAEM-CS groups. In conclusion, low-frequency rTMS in the contralesional hemisphere may have long-term therapeutic effects on upper extremity motor function recovery and improvements in activities of daily living. SAEM-CS did not show positive synergistic effects of SA and rTMS.

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Neurobiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depression: a systematic review

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291715001609 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (16) ◽

pp. 3411-3432 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Y. Noda ◽

W. K. Silverstein ◽

M. S. Barr ◽

F. Vila-Rodriguez ◽

J. Downar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Treatment Resistance ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Promising Alternative

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and a leading cause of disability, especially in the setting of treatment resistance. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy for treatment-resistant depression and its clinical efficacy has been investigated intensively across the world. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of rTMS are still not fully understood. This review aims to systematically synthesize the literature on the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response to rTMS in patients with depression. Medline (1996–2014), Embase (1980–2014) and PsycINFO (1806–2014) were searched under set terms. Three authors reviewed each article and came to consensus on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All eligible studies were reviewed, duplicates were removed, and data were extracted individually. Of 1647 articles identified, 66 studies met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. rTMS affects various biological factors that can be measured by current biological techniques. Although a number of studies have explored the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS, a large variety of rTMS protocols and parameters limits the ability to synthesize these findings into a coherent understanding. However, a convergence of findings suggest that rTMS exerts its therapeutic effects by altering levels of various neurochemicals, electrophysiology as well as blood flow and activity in the brain in a frequency-dependent manner. More research is needed to delineate the neurobiological mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of rTMS. The incorporation of biological assessments into future rTMS clinical trials will help in this regard.

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Synergistic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Promoting Autophagy and Synaptic Plasticity in Vascular Dementia

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gly221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 1341-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Siyuan Hou ◽

Xin Geng

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Morris Water Maze Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation both showed therapeutic effects on cognition impairment in vascular dementia (VD) model rats. However, whether these two therapies have synergistic effects and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In our present study, rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, sham operation group, VD group, MSC group, rTMS group, and MSC+rTMS group. The VD model rats were prepared using a modified 2VO method. rTMS treatment was implemented at a frequency of 5 Hz, the stimulation intensity for 0.5 Tesla, 20 strings every day with 10 pulses per string and six treatment courses. The results of the Morris water maze test showed that the learning and memory abilities of the MSC group, rTMS group, and MSC+rTMS group were better than that of the VD group, and the MSC+rTMS group showed the most significant effect. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NR1, LC3-II, and Beclin-1 were the highest and p62 protein was the lowest in the MSC+rTMS group. Our findings demonstrated that rTMS could further enhance the effect of MSC transplantation on VD rats and provided an important basis for the combined application of MSC transplantation and rTMS to treat VD or other neurological diseases.

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Assessment of Therapeutic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Radiculopathic Pain

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.100 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Mostafa.M. Elkholy ◽

Hala.R. ElHabashy ◽

Ahmed.M. Abou Mousa ◽

Neveen.M. Elfayoumy

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Therapeutic Effects

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The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a scoping review

Mental Illness ◽

10.1108/mij-05-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Medard Kofi Adu ◽

Ejemai Eboreime ◽

Adegboyega Oyekunbi Sapara ◽

Andrew James Greenshaw ◽

Pierre Chue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Content Type ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Data Search

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relevant literature available regarding the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a mode of treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); to evaluate the evidence to support the use of rTMS as a treatment option for OCD. Design/methodology/approach The authors electronically conducted data search in five research databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psych INFO, SCOPUS and EMBASE) using all identified keywords and index terms across all the databases to identify empirical studies and randomized controlled trials. The authors included articles published with randomized control designs, which aimed at the treatment of OCD with rTMS. Only full-text published articles written in English were reviewed. Review articles on treatment for conditions other than OCD were excluded. The Covidence software was used to manage and streamline the review. Findings Despite the inconsistencies in the published literature, the application of rTMS over the supplementary motor area and the orbitofrontal cortex has proven to be promising in efficacy and tolerability compared with other target regions such as the prefrontal cortex for the treatment of OCD. Despite the diversity in terms of the outcomes and clinical variability of the studies under review, rTMS appears to be a promising treatment intervention for OCD. Research limitations/implications The authors of this scoping review acknowledge several limitations. First, the search strategy considered only studies published in English and the results are up to date as the last day of the electronic data search of December 10, 2020. Though every effort was made to identify all relevant studies for the purposes of this review per the eligibility criteria, the authors still may have missed some relevant studies, especially those published in other languages. Originality/value This review brought to bare the varying literature on the application of rTMS and what is considered gaps in the knowledge in this area in an attempt to evaluate and provide information on the potential therapeutic effects of rTMS for OCD.

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