The climate change for flood and debris mitigation after typhoon Morakot 2009 in Taiwan

In recent years, the subject of Indigenous peoples and global climate change adaptation has become a rapidly growing area of international study. Despite this trend, Taiwan, home to many Indigenous communities, has received relatively little attention. To date, no comprehensive review of the literature on Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples and global climate change has been conducted. Therefore, this article presents a bibliometric analysis and literature review of both domestic and international studies on Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples in relation to resilience, climate change, and climate shocks in the 10-year period after Typhoon Morakot (2009). We identified 111 domestic and international peer-reviewed articles and analyzed their presentation of the current state of knowledge, geographical and temporal characteristics, and Indigenous representation. Most studies were discovered to focus on post-disaster recovery, particularly within the context of Typhoon Morakot, as well as Indigenous cultures, ecological wisdom, and community development. This study also discovered relatively few studies investigating how traditional ecological knowledge systems can be integrated into climate change adaptation. Most studies also adopted a somewhat narrow focus on Indigenous resilience. Large-scale quantitative and longitudinal studies are found to be in their infancy. We observed a geographical skewness among the studies in favor of southern Taiwan and relatively limited engagement with contemporary studies on Indigenous peoples and climate change. We furthermore determined a large overlap between the destruction path of Morakot and study sites in the articles. Indigenous scholars have managed to find a voice among domestic and international outlets, and an increasing number of scholars have argued for more culturally sensitive approaches to post-disaster recovery and disaster management in Taiwan.

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The Legal Regime of Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Management in Taiwan: Focus on the Major Amendment Following the Devastating Typhoon Morakot of 2009

Adaptation to Climate Change ◽

10.1142/9789814689748_0015 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 373-408

Author(s):

Ming-Zhi Anton Gao

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Typhoon Morakot

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Application of High-Resolution Radar Rain Data to the Predictive Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility under Climate Change in the Laonong Watershed, Taiwan

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12233855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 3855

Author(s):

Chun-Wei Tseng ◽

Cheng-En Song ◽

Su-Fen Wang ◽

Yi-Chin Chen ◽

Jien-Yi Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

High Resolution ◽

Landslide Susceptibility ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Typhoon Morakot ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

High Resolution Radar ◽

Rain Data ◽

Landslide Ratio

Extreme rainfall has caused severe road damage and landslide disasters in mountainous areas. Rainfall forecasting derived from remote sensing data has been widely adopted for disaster prevention and early warning as a trend in recent years. By integrating high-resolution radar rain data, for example, the QPESUMS (quantitative precipitation estimation and segregation using multiple sensors) system provides a great opportunity to establish the extreme climate-based landslide susceptibility model, which would be helpful in the prevention of hillslope disasters under climate change. QPESUMS was adopted to obtain spatio-temporal rainfall patterns, and further, multi-temporal landslide inventories (2003–2018) would integrate with other explanatory factors and therefore, we can establish the logistic regression method for prediction of landslide susceptibility sites in the Laonong River watershed, which was devastated by Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Simulations of landslide susceptibility under the critical rainfall (300, 600, and 900 mm) were designed to verify the model’s sensitivity. Due to the orographic effect, rainfall was concentrated at the low mountainous and middle elevation areas in the southern Laonong River watershed. Landslide change analysis indicates that the landslide ratio increased from 1.5% to 7.0% after Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Subsequently, the landslide ratio fluctuated between 3.5% and 4.5% after 2012, which indicates that the recovery of landslide areas is still in progress. The validation results showed that the calibrated model of 2005 is preferred in the general period, with an accuracy of 78%. For extreme rainfall typhoons, the calibrated model of 2009 would perform better (72%). This study presented that the integration of multi-temporal landslide inventories in a logistic regression model is capable of predicting rainfall-triggered landslide risk under climate change.

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Risk Assessment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Strategies for Large-Scale Sediment Disasters

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11841 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shin-Ping Lee ◽

Yuan-Jung Tsai ◽

Yun-Chung Tsang ◽

Ching-Ya Tsai ◽

Shang-Ming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Debris Flows ◽

Large Scale ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Disaster Prevention ◽

Typhoon Morakot ◽

Risk Assessment Method ◽

Landslides And Debris Flows ◽

The Impact

Under climate change impact, the frequency of extreme hydrological events increases. The occurrence of extreme rainfall events may lead to large-scale flooding or sediment disasters resulting in serious property damage and casualties. Large-scale sediment disasters include large-scale landslides and debris flows which are the main types of disasters causing casualties. In Taiwan, during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, the long duration and high-intensity rainfall led to a large-scale sediment disaster resulting in heavy casualties. A disaster with certain magnitude and complexity cannot be coped with a single disaster management approach. In this study, a risk assessment method considering climate change impacts proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was adopted. By analyzing hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indicators of large-scale sediment disasters in Xinfa catchment of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, a disaster risk adaptation strategy was proposed based on the impact of disaster factors.Two scenarios were applied for the catchment sediment hazards risk assessments including 50-year recurrence period (high frequency and low impact) and extreme scenario (low frequency and high impact). Multiple factors for hazard (impact area of landslides and debris flows), exposure (lifeline roads and land use intensity), and vulnerability (disaster prevention and relief resources and settlement population characteristics) assessments were considered. The correlation factor selection and weighting analysis was calibrated by the 2009 Typhoon Morakot event. All disaster-recorded locations were above moderate risk indicating that the risk assessment method was reasonable. A risk map for Xinfa catchment was completed based on the validated risk assessment model to identify the high-risk settlements. After analyzing the spatial characteristics and disaster risk impact factors of high-risk settlements, both software and hardware disaster prevention measures and adaptation strategies were suggested. According to the analyzed results, although the hardware measures were effective in reducing sediment hazards generally, under extreme hydrologic events, those measures could be ineffective due to limited protection capacity of the engineering facilities. Hence, reducing exposure and vulnerability is essential to deal with the impact of extreme events.Keywords: Large-scale sediment disasters, Risk assessment, Adaptation strategies

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Impact of Climate Change on Kaoping River Water Quality

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.137 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212-213 ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chou Ping Yang ◽

Yao Ting Yu ◽

Chih Ming Kao

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Quality ◽

River Water ◽

River Basin ◽

Global Climate ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

River Water Quality ◽

High Concentration ◽

Typhoon Morakot

In these years, the global climate change has caused the increase in storm and drought frequency. In August 2009, Taiwan experienced its worst floods in 50 years after Typhoon Morakot struck almost the entire southern region. During the three-day event, Typhoon Morakot brought copious amounts of rainfall, peaking at 2,500 mm, which triggered severe flooding throughout the region. The Kaoping River Basin was one of the most impacted regions in southern Taiwan. A huge amount of sediments and debris flowed into the Kaoping River Basin, which caused high concentration of suspended sediment in the river causing the shut down of water treatment plants. In addition, the Kaoping River receiving significant biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonia loads from hog farms and domestic wastewaters and resulted in the deterioration of water quality. The Water Quality Simulation Program (WASP)/EUTRO model was used to simulate the fate and transport of water quality pollutants and develop water quality management strategies. The developed strategies are able to effectively control the pollutants and improve the Kaoping River water quality.

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Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 723-729

Author(s):

Roslyn Gleadow ◽

Jim Hanan ◽

Alan Dorin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Computer Simulation ◽

Food Security ◽

European Countries ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Plant Insect Interactions ◽

Native Habitat ◽

Insect Pollinators ◽

Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20180113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 221-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rebecca Millington ◽

Peter M. Cox ◽

Jonathan R. Moore ◽

Gabriel Yvon-Durocher

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Diffusion Rate ◽

Individual Species ◽

Genetic Evolution ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Rapid Climate Change ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Intraspecies Competition ◽

High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

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