Directional channel characteristics in elevation and azimuth at an urban macrocell base station

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Medbo ◽  
Henrik Asplund ◽  
Jan-Erik Berg ◽  
Niklas Jalden
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Macrocell Base Station

scholarly journals RPAS COMMUNICATION CHANNELS BASED ON WCDMA 3GPP STANDARD

Aviation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Grekhov ◽  
Vasyl Kondratiuk ◽  
Svitlana Ilnytska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Radio Line ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Code Division Multiple ◽  
Different Levels

First built models of Remotely Piloted Air System (RPAS) communication channels based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) 3GPP Standard were designed. Base Station (BS) transmission within the Radio Line of Sight (RLoS) and through the satellite using Beyond Radio Line of Sight (BRLoS) was considered. The dependencies of the Bit Error Rate (BER) on the signal-noise ratio for different RPAS velocities and WCDMA сhannel models were obtained. The dependences of the BER on the signal-noise ratio for different levels of satellite transponder nonlinearity were studied. The dependence of the BER on the BS antenna diameter in case of the transponder nonlinearity was analysed. The dependencies for satellite channel characteristics, first obtained taking into account the motion of the RPAS, make it possible to predict the behavior of the communication system in critical conditions.

scholarly journals Cluster-based Multihop Synchronization Scheme for Femtocell Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha H. Abdalla ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed ◽  
Mohammad K. Hasan ◽  
Shayla Islam ◽  
Othman O. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Frequency Error ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Ieee 1588 ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Macrocell Base Station ◽  
Synchronization Scheme

ABSTRACT: Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost-effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. It is connected to the core network through an IP backhaul and can only use timing protocols such as IEEE1588 or Network Time Protocol (NTP). Furthermore, the femtocell is installed indoor, and cannot use a GPS antenna for time synchronization.  High-precision crystal oscillators can solve the timing problem, but they are often too expensive for consumer grade devices. Therefore, femtocell Base Station (fBS) synchronization is one of the principle technical trends in femtocell deployment. Since fBSand macrocell Base Station (mBS) network operates on the same frequency under a licensed spectrum, fBS network can interfere with the macrocell network. In addition, fBSs can also interfere with each other if multiple units are in close proximity. Furthermore, in a flat fBS structured network using IEEE 1588 synchronization algorithm and fBS-fBS synchronization scheme creates offset and frequency error which results inaccurate synchronization. In order to reduce offset and frequency error (skew), this paper proposed a cluster-based multihop synchronization scheme to achieve precise in fBS neighbor nodes. The proposed scheme is able to reduce the offset and skew significantly.ABSTRAK: Teknologi Femtocell telah menjadi tumpuan sebagai alat yang kos-efektif dalam memperbaiki liputan mudahalih dan kapasiti. Ia menghubungkan jaringan teras melalui IP backhaul dan hanya boleh menggunakan protokol masa seperti IEEE1588 atau Protokol Jaringan Masa (NTP). Seterusnya, femtocell dipasang di dalam, dan tidak boleh menggunakan antena GPS untuk sinkronisasi masa. Osilator Kristal yang tinggi kejituannya boleh menyelesaikan masalah masa, tetapi ianya mahal bagi gred peranti consumer. Oleh itu, sinkronisasi Stesen Asas femtocell (fBS) adalah salah satu tren teknikal prinsip dalam deployment femtocell. Memandangkan fBS dan jaringan Stesen Asas makrosel (mBS) beroperasi pada frekuensi yang sama di bawah spektrum lesen jaringan fBS boleh mengganggu jaringan makrosel. Tambahan pula, fBS juga boleh mengganggu antara satu sama lain jika unit pelbagai adalah close proximity. Tambahan lagi, bagi struktur jaringan rata fBS menggunakan algorisma sinkronisasi IEEE 1588 dan skema sinkronisasi fBS-fBS mencipta offset dan ralat frekuensi yang menyebabkan ketidaktepatansinkronisasi. Bagi mengurangkan offset dan ralat frekuensi (skew), kajian ini mencadangkan multihop berasaskan kluster skema sinkronisasi bagi mencapai kejituan dalam mod kejiranan fBS. Skema yang dicadangkan boleh mengurangkan offset dan skew dengan berkesan.KEYWORDS: femtocell base satationt (FBS); synchronization; frequency division multiple access (OFDMA); inter-cluster, intra-cluster

scholarly journals Outage Analysis of Multihop Wireless Backhaul Using Millimeter Wave under Blockage Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejoon Jung ◽  
In-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Multihop Wireless ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Macrocell Base Station ◽  
End Distance ◽  
End To End ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Outage Analysis

We consider multihop millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) wireless backhaul communications, by which small cell base station (SBS) clusters can connect to a macrocell base station (MBS). Assuming the mm-Wave wireless backhaul links suffer from outage caused by obstacles that block the line-of-sight (LoS) paths, we derive the statistics of a perhop distance based on the blockage model using stochastic geometry and random shape theory and analyze the multihop outage probability using the statistics of a perhop distance. We also provide an optimal number of hops to minimize the end-to-end outage performance between the MBS and the destination SBS cluster when the end-to-end distance is given.

scholarly journals Power and resource allocation for MIMO based two-tier heterogeneous network using small cell clustering algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Prabhu Chandran ◽  
Ramesh G. P
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cell Clustering ◽  
Backhaul Link ◽  
Macrocell Base Station ◽  
Cell Base

Resource allocation problem in the two-tier heterogen eous MIMO network plays a vital role in avoidance of interference between the mobile users connected to the host directly and through the backhaul link. Two different frequency bandwidths are proposed to avoid the interference generated between the users placed in the interference region in the small cell. The mobile user frequency range is allotted for the link between small cell base station, macrocell base station and mobile user and millimeter frequency bandwidth is utilized between the small cell base station, small cell cluster heads and small cell users. The inter-small cell clustering helps the small cell base station node to select the number of antennas for communication and to send the request for allocation of bandwidth to eliminate the inter-cell congestion. The method was implemented in NS2 simulator, and the performance matrices were measured to analyze the efficiency and quality of service of the proposed topology.

scholarly journals Assessment and comparison of total RF-EMF exposure in femtocell and macrocell base station scenarios

2013 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aerts ◽  
D. Plets ◽  
L. Verloock ◽  
L. Martens ◽  
W. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Macrocell Base Station
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