Proposal on the affordable and sustainable water supply approaches in disaster response by application of innovative water flocculant: A case study of a community based water supply business model in rural areas of Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Soshino ◽  
Akira Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

scholarly journals Identification of Water-Reuse Potentials to Strengthen Rural Areas in Water-Scarce Regions—The Case Study of Wuwei

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Sonja Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Scarce

Due to water scarcity, which is worsening due to climate change, rural areas often face the challenge of rural exoduses. Limited water resources restrict local farmers as the opportunities for cultivation in the fields are reduced. This makes rural areas increasingly unattractive. To strengthen rural areas, sustainable water management with a focus on water-reuse is required. Since treated wastewater is a daily resource with calculable quantities available, reused water can contribute to the sustainable strengthening of a region. Therefore, an analysis of water-reuse potentials must be conducted to develop a water-reuse concept and thus increase the application of reused water. For this purpose, a case study of Wuwei as a rural and water-scarce region in China was chosen. By using a geoinformation system, the unfulfilled water-reuse potential can be identified by intersecting the results of the analysis regarding the current water supply and disposal situation with spatial and regional information, such as population data. Hence, the study presents the potential to increase wastewater treatment and water-reuse for, e.g., agricultural irrigation. It is shown that, in the best case, reused water can be increased from 5479 m3 per day to 207,461 m3 per day. Resource efficiency can be further increased by combining water-reuse concepts with land-use strategies adapted to climate change. This will ensure a more sustainable water supply in the future.

Cross-sectoral optimization and visualization of transformation processes in urban water infrastructures in rural areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baron ◽  
I. Kaufmann Alves ◽  
T. G. Schmitt ◽  
S. Schöffel ◽  
J. Schwank
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
Transformation Processes

Predicted demographic, climatic and socio-economic changes will require adaptations of existing water supply and wastewater disposal systems. Especially in rural areas, these new challenges will affect the functionality of the present systems. This paper presents a joint interdisciplinary research project with the objective of developing an innovative software-based optimization and decision support system for the implementation of long-term transformations of existing infrastructures of water supply, wastewater and energy. The concept of the decision support and optimization tool is described and visualization methods for the presentation of results are illustrated. The model is tested in a rural case study region in the Southwest of Germany. A transformation strategy for a decentralized wastewater treatment concept and its visualization are presented for a model village.

Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation: A Typical Syndrome in Sub-Urban Rural Areas: Require Scientific and Technological Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Anand Verdhen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

The population and industrial growths are demanding for sustainable and safe drinking water and waste disposal in rural and urban belts. Deficiency and lack of fresh water supply and sewage disposal/treatment affects the health and hygiene of household, community dwellers and local/regional environment. The paper highlights the problems around Farukh Nagar of Gurgaon District in Haryana and suggests for scientific and technological study to address the issue. Preliminary field visit and study show the gravity of problem and possible reasons. However, detailed study is required adopting scientific and technological viable strategy including methodology, questionnaire based interaction with beneficiaries and agencies to collect stratified socio-economic and technical primary and secondary details/records, people perceptions and experiences, Ground water details (level, yield, point source and quality fluctuations), Surface water source, rainfall, water supply system/parameters, population and growth, waste water and sludge production, treatment and disposal system, recharge and outfall zone in the study/nearby areas, etc. Further, analysis of data employing hydrological/hydraulic software, testing/verification of quality parameters with Indian and international standards, physical models, workshops among beneficiaries and user agencies addressing the points of innovation to implement viable and sustainable water supply and sewage disposal plans are needed.

scholarly journals Whose Life Should Be Reformed?: The Transformation of the Life Reform Movement in Prewar Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Eisuke Hisai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Small Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Life Reform ◽  
Movement Organizations ◽  
Second World

This paper aims to show that the life reform movement taking place in Japanese cities before the Second World War was not separate from the postwar life reform movement taking place in rural areas; rather, it possessed aspects that were continued after the war. Previous studies have pointed out that life reform movement organizations established in cities in the Taisho period targeted the middle class. However, they have only made fragmentary references to the fact that such organizations instead came to emphasize the importance of farmers, who made up the majority of the population, starting in the late 1920s. This paper is a case study of the activities of the Life Reform League (renamed the Central Association of Life Reform in November 1933), which spearheaded prewar Japan’s life reform movement. The results of this study clarify that the leaders of the life reform movement in the late 1920s and beyond focused on farmers, who made up the majority of the population, as a new target demographic to stop the movement from stagnating. Moreover, they proposed a movement with a foundation consisting not of individuals, but of small, community-based groups. Although many of the organization’s new initiatives never left the planning stages, this change in the organization’s activity policy is nonetheless a clear indication of the process by which the initial principle of “life reform,” concerned with only part of society, transitioned to become a postwar principle concerned with the entire Japanese population.

Determination of Hydraulic and Hydrological Parameters of Available Streams in Okada Town and its Environs for Viable Source of Water Supply

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Avemaria Matthew Eze ◽  
Maryann Ogoamaka Ezugwu ◽  
Tonye G. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Edo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Discharge Method

The study area comprises Okada Town and its environs located in the South Western part of Edo State in Nigeria. The study area is primarily, an agricultural and commercial area with prospects of becoming a big town with attendant water supply problems. The study identified viable sources for sustainable community based water supply with the objectives to determine hydraulic parameters of the existing streams. The method used to measure the stream hydraulic parameters was Current Meter Discharge Method. The mean dry weather widths are: Okada Stream (3.6m and 10.2m at narrow and upstream sections); Iguedo and Okhai Streams (10.6m and 2.8m at typical upstream sections respectively). The corresponding stream stages and discharges are: Okada (0.57m; 100,656m3/day); Iguedo (1.23m; 117,590m3/day) and Okhai (0.21m; 8,294m3/day). From the obtained, and plotted data, the derived stream stage-discharge equations of the form Q = CHn are: Q = 1.543H0.5 for Okada Stream; Q = 1.062H1.2 for Iguedo Stream; and Q = 0.1334H0.21 for Okhai Stream. This study established only 1-year hydrological frequency. A 5-year or 10-year return period is needed for greater risks from probable worst condition scenarios. The recorded maximum combined discharge was 552,441m3/day in September 2011 and minimum flow was 226,540m3/day in January 2012. The reliable yield is estimated at 103,886m3/day and maximum allowable abstraction is 81,455m3/day. The results show that the three source streams will be adequate for sustainable water supply for the study area.

Integrated Assessment of the Feasibility of Community Based Sanitation Options: A Case Study from East Java, Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Starkl ◽  
I. Bisschops ◽  
A. Norström ◽  
A. Purnomo ◽  
A. Rumiati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The One ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Risk Potential

In Indonesia 66 million people practice open defecation, which is the second highest number of people in one single country following India. Indonesia lacks sanitation services, in particular in rural areas. Data from the national statistics bureau show that almost 33% of the population in rural areas have no sanitation facilities. This study looked at alternative sanitation options in a community in East Java. Its aim was to evaluate the feasibility of different sanitation options, to conduct an integrated assessment of those options, and to identify the community perceptions of those options. The investigated technologies encompassed on the one side locally widely spread and accepted technologies (such as septic tanks), and on the other, new but promising concepts which have not yet been well established in Indonesia (such as biogas plants or ecosan systems). The study has shown that despite the high costs (NPV), the high hygienic risk potential and low environmental performance, septic tanks were most preferred by the community. Generally, those options which performed best in the assessment (community and decentralized sanitation systems) were least preferred by the community.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Systems: A Case Study of Kwamekrom Water System in the Volta Region of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Patrick Adadzi ◽  
Harrison Coffie ◽  
Emmanuel Afetorgbor
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Volta Region

This paper review and analyze the sustainability of rural water systems facilitated by Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) in Ghana in both their capacity to continue to deliver adequate, safe and quality water for all the people of Kwamekrom township and surrounding villages. The paper focus on a case study of the sustainability of small-town piped water systems; the main used technology in rural areas of the Volta Region in Ghana. Part of the project was the implementation of infrastructure and building capacities in the community to manage and use their system after project completion. A recent development is that CWSA is shifting from community ownership and management (COM) towards participation in management, a shift that is expected to ensure the sustainability of the water systems. The study aimed to analyze the viability of the Kwamekrom water supply system in the Volta Region of Ghana, which was under the COM system utilizing a survey mechanism. The study revealed based on performance indexes indicated that the Kwamekrom water system was not sustainable under the COM. The result was mainly due to poor financial management and lack of adequate technical expertise coupled with socio-political impact under the COM. The new reform towards participation in the management of rural water supply is, therefore, an approach which could lead to sustainability.

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