Research on the relationship between concrete base temperature difference and length of pouring block in strongly constrained zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongshi Zhang ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Sheng Qiang ◽  
Zhongyuan Zhu ◽  
Chengpeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis of Multiplicity Phenomena in Longitudinal Fins Under Multi-Boiling Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizos N. Krikkis ◽  
Stratis V. Sotirchos ◽  
Panagiotis Razelos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Convection Parameter

A numerical bifurcation analysis is carried out in order to determine the solution structure of longitudinal fins subject to multi-boiling heat transfer mode. The thermal analysis can no longer be performed independently of the working fluid since the heat transfer coefficient is temperature dependent and includes the nucleate, the transition and the film boiling regimes where the boiling curve is obtained experimentally for a specific fluid. The heat transfer process is modeled using one-dimensional heat conduction with or without heat transfer from the fin tip. Furthermore, five fin profiles are considered: the constant thickness, the trapezoidal, the triangular, the convex parabolic and the parabolic. The multiplicity structure is obtained in order to determine the different types of bifurcation diagrams, which describe the dependence of a state variable of the system (for instance the fin temperature or the heat dissipation) on a design (Conduction-Convection Parameter) or operation parameter (base Temperature Difference). Specifically the effects of the base Temperature Difference, of the Conduction-Convection Parameter and of the Biot number are analyzed and presented in several diagrams since it is important to know the behavioral features of the heat rejection mechanism such as the number of the possible steady states and the influence of a change in one or more operating variables to these states.

Research in Destruction of Concrete Bridge Expanded Joint Influenced by Temperature Difference

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei ◽  
Yue Yao ◽  
Shi Cao ◽  
Zhi Gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Concrete Box Girder ◽  
Extremum Value ◽  
The Relationship

Destruction of bridge expanded joint is a serious problem for concrete bridge. Based on 5 years measured data, the temperature in the different positions of the concrete box girder was systemically analyzed to illuminate the cause of the bridge expanded joint damage. A method for predicting the extremum value of the temperature difference of concrete girder was proposed by use of the extrema analysis and curve fitting based on the temperature in the different positions of the concrete box girder. The relationship is quite useful in estimating the destruction of bridge expanded joint by effective temperature difference in concrete box-girder.

scholarly journals The Interiority of Proximity Between Nature and Architecture in Contemporary and Tropically Context with Cases Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Budi Pradono
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The Relationship

The interiority of buildings in tropical countries requires specific characteristics unlike those in countries with four distinct seasons. Buildings in non-tropical climates must protect their inhabitants from extreme weather, meaning that the architecture’s connection with nature is necessarily limited by a boundary which can withstand extreme climatic differences. In tropical countries, on the other hand, the temperature does not fluctuate much throughout the year, so the temperature difference between seasons is not extreme. This characteristic is reflected in traditional Nusantara architecture, which incorporates a breathable wall so that free winds come in, reducing heat. The roof is tilted or saddled-shaped to keep rain water away from the building. The architecture uses organic materials and includes terraces for dialogue with nature. Modern Indonesian architecture, however, particularly in large cities, is mostly closed off, severely limiting the interaction with nature. Since the advent of air conditioning (AC) technology during the 1980’s, architecture has changed to seal the boundaries of the building. Advances in information technology such as Internet and smartphones have made for further changes to architecture in the area; some functional spaces are being discarded, while others are expanded. The relationship between architecture and nature is now constrained by impenetrable materials such as brick, concrete and glass, as opposed to the more traditional, permeable boundary. In contrast to this trend, modern Indonesian society is tempted to form a closer relationship with nature. This paper examines how a relationship between nature and the interior of buildings may be accommodated again, presenting some existing projects by several architects from Europe and Asian countries—including the authors’ own work—as case studies.

Heat Transfer Hot-Pressing Model of Medium Density Fiberboard

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1083-1086
Author(s):  
Hong Peng Li ◽  
Xing Jian Wang ◽  
Chun Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
The Relationship

This by ratiocinating the theoretical formations of the pressing time of Cylindrical fiberboard and analyzing the relationship between the pressing time and Temperature difference and wood-based radius.

scholarly journals USING PREHARVEST TEMPERATURES TO PREDICT SCALD DEVELOPMENT ON APPLES IN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW ZEALAND

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160a-1160
Author(s):  
William J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New England ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Term Storage

Preharvest temperature (hrs. below 10°C) is a predictor of scald development on North American apples after long-term storage. In Mass., these variables are highly negatively correlated for both `Delicious' and `Cortland' apples. However, this predictor was not generally applicable for scald development on `Delicious' or `Granny Smith' apples in New Zealand. There, the relationship between temperature and scald varied greatly among districts for both cultivars, with scald resistance often occurring with far fewer hrs. below 10° than in Mass. Yet, in two cases when the temperature: scald relationship for `Granny Smith' was similar to that for `Cortland' and `Delicious' in Mass., temperature patterns during fruit ripening were similar to that in Mass. In all other cases, more moderate temperature changes occurred. These results suggest that the true base temperature for developing resistance to scald may be between 10° and 15°C, rather than 10°.

scholarly journals The Interiority of Proximity Between Nature and Architecture in Contemporary and Tropically Context with Cases Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arteks Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The Relationship

The interiority of buildings in tropical countries requires specific characteristics unlike those in countries with four distinct seasons. Buildings in non-tropical climates must protect their inhabitants from extreme weather, meaning that the architecture’s connection with nature is necessarily limited by a boundary which can withstand extreme climatic differences. In tropical countries, on the other hand, the temperature does not fluctuate much throughout the year, so the temperature difference between seasons is not extreme. This characteristic is reflected in traditional Nusantara architecture, which incorporates a breathable wall so that free winds come in, reducing heat. The roof is tilted or saddled-shaped to keep rain water away from the building. The architecture uses organic materials and includes terraces for dialogue with nature. Modern Indonesian architecture, however, particularly in large cities, is mostly closed off, severely limiting the interaction with nature. Since the advent of air conditioning (AC) technology during the 1980’s, architecture has changed to seal the boundaries of the building. Advances in information technology such as Internet and smartphones have made for further changes to architecture in the area; some functional spaces are being discarded, while others are expanded. The relationship between architecture and nature is now constrained by impenetrable materials such as brick, concrete and glass, as opposed to the more traditional, permeable boundary. In contrast to this trend, modern Indonesian society is tempted to form a closer relationship with nature. This paper examines how a relationship between nature and the interior of buildings may be accommodated again, presenting some existing projects by several architects from Europe and Asian countries—including the authors’ own work—as case studies.

scholarly journals Cold Treatment and Forcing Temperature Influence Flowering of Campanula carpatica `Blue Clips'

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Whitman ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur C. Cameron ◽  
William H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calculated Average ◽  
Campanula Carpatica

The influence of cold treatments on flowering in Campanula carpatica Jacq. `Blue Clips' was determined. Plants with 10 to 12 nodes (P1) and 12 to 16 nodes (P2), in 128-cell (10-mL cell volume) and 50-cell (85-mL cell volume) trays, respectively, were stored at 5 °C for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks under a 9-hour photoperiod. They then were transplanted and forced in a 20 °C greenhouse under a 9-hour photoperiod with a 4-hour night interruption (NI) (2200 to 0200 hr). Time to visible bud and to flowering in P1 decreased slightly as the duration of cold treatment increased. Flowering was hastened by ≈10 days after 14 weeks at 5 °C. Cold treatments had no significant effect on time to visible bud or flower in P2. The number of flower buds on P1 did not change significantly in response to cold treatments, while flower bud count on P2 increased by up to 60% as duration of cold treatments increased. Final height at flowering of both ages decreased 10% to 20% with increasing duration of cold exposure. To determine the relationship between forcing temperature and time to flower, three plant sizes were forced under a 9-hour photoperiod with a 4-hour NI (2200 to 0200 hr) at 15, 18, 21, 24, or 27 °C. Plants flowered more quickly at higher temperatures, but the number and diameter of flowers were reduced. Days to visible bud and flowering were converted to rates, and base temperature (Tb) and thermal time to flowering (degree-days) were calculated. Average Tb for forcing to visible bud stage was 2.1 °C; for forcing to flower, 0.0 °C. Calculated degree-days to visible bud were 455; to flower, 909.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study On The Relationship Between Humoral Immunity And Mortality Based On Climatic Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Songtao Hu ◽  
Yongming Ji ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Guodan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Climate affects cell-mediated cellular immunity and antibody mediated humoral immunity. As basic units of humoral immunity, antibodies regulate pathogens and prevent infection, which affect human health. However, the influence of atmospheric temperature and temperature differences on antibodies is still unclear. We provide basic evidence on this topic by analyzing the effects of ambient temperature on immune indexes and mortality.Method: Based on the physical examination data of a general hospital in a large city in China from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, we analyzed the influence of atmospheric temperature and temperature differences from climatic factors on the concentrations of four kinds of antibodies (IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE) through an epidemiological survey. Relationships between the atmospheric temperature and mortality in the hospital and city were also discussed. On this basis, we explored the relationship between each immunoglobulin and the mortality rate in the hospital and city. To further verify the effects of ambient temperature on IgE related to respiratory system immunity, we designed a field experiment with an artificial environment near the human thermal comfort zone.Results: The changes of IgM and IgE have seasonal characteristics. There was a significantly positive correlation between ambient temperature and IgE concentration related to respiratory immunity in natural and artificial environments (natural environment: P=0.021, R 2 =0.428 in; artificial environment: P=0.009, Spearman=−0.495). The IgM and IgE levels were the inverted "U" type with the temperature difference, while the IgA and IgG levels were the "fishbone" type. The IgM and IgE concentrations were the highest when the temperature difference was equal to zero. The mortality rate of the hospital and city was U-shaped with the season, and the mortalities were strongly negatively correlated with local atmospheric temperature (hospital: P=0.006, Spearman=-0.544**; city P = 0.000, Spearman = 0.743 **). The concentration of IgE related to respiratory system immunity was significantly negatively correlated with the hospital and city mortalities (hospital: P=0.014; city: P=0.048). IgE levels can be used as a biological parameter to predict death.Conclusions: Low temperature and large increases or decreases in temperature are not conducive to the secretion of antibodies, especially IgE related to respiratory immunity, which can increase the mortality rate to some extent. In the future, based on the findings of our artificial environment study, the span between stressors can be narrowed to determine the temperature range that can cause changes in antibody concentrations. Thus, the duration and lag time of the influence of each temperature on human immune indexes were studied, as well as how the immune indexes changed.

Hydrothermal Emergence Model for Ripgut Brome (Bromus diandrus)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy L. García ◽  
Jordi Recasens ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Joel Torra ◽  
Aritz Royo-Esnal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Function ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Cereal Fields ◽  
Base Water Potential ◽  
The Relationship

A model that describes the emergence of ripgut brome was developed using a two-season data set from a no-tilled field in northeastern Spain. The relationship between cumulative emergence and hydrothermal time (HTT) was described by a sigmoid growth function (Chapman). HTT was calculated with a set of water potentials and temperatures, iteratively used, to determine the base water potential and base temperature. Emergence of ripgut brome was well described with a Chapman function. The newly-developed function was validated with four sets of data, two of them belonging to a third season in the same field and the other two coming from independent data from Southern Spain. The model also successfully described the emergence in different field management and tillage systems. This model may be useful for predicting ripgut brome emergence in winter cereal fields of semiarid Mediterranean regions.

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