Notice of Retraction: Research on Stimulation of Knowledge Share in Knowledge Chain Based on Different Levels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuilan Yang ◽  
Xin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Chain ◽  
Knowledge Share ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Efferent-mediated protection from acoustic overexposure: relation to slow effects of olivocochlear stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Reiter ◽  
M. C. Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acoustic Overstimulation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The present study attempts to resolve discrepancies in the reported role of olivocochlear (OC) efferent activation in protecting the inner ear from acoustic overstimulation: in previous studies, activating the OC system in guinea pigs reduced the threshold shift caused by 1 min monaural exposure to a 10-kHz tone; whereas unilateral OC activation in cats had no effect on threshold shifts following binaural exposure to a 10 min 6-kHz tone. 2. In this study, anesthetized and curarized guinea pigs were exposed either monaurally or binaurally to tones of different duration (1-5 min), frequency (6 to 10 kHz) and intensity (105-118 dB SPL). For each exposure condition, threshold shifts were compared among ears with different levels of OC activation: in some cases, the OC bundle (OCB) was electrically stimulated during (and/or before) the acoustic overexposure; in others, the OCB was cut before the exposure; in control cases, the OCB was neither cut nor electrically stimulated. 3. Electrical stimulation of the OCB delivered simultaneously with acoustic overstimulation produced significant reductions in threshold shift only for acoustic exposures at higher frequencies (8 and 10 kHz) and shorter durations (1 and 2 min). The protective effects on 1-min exposures could be extinguished by prior stimulation of the OCB, i.e., if the OC stimulation was turned on 4 min before the acoustic overexposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abnormal Esophageal Manometry in Globus Hystericus

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toribio C. Flores ◽  
Frederick S. Cross ◽  
Richard D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Globus Sensation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Globus hystericus means the “hysterical ball or lump in the throat,” and is generally assumed to be of psychic origin. True dysphagia is usually absent. Twelve patients with the globus syndrome were studied at the Esophageal Motility Laboratory of the Saint Luke's Hospital of Cleveland. An organic cause for their symptomatology was ruled out by physical examination, laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy and cineesophagograms. Ten patients showed significant elevations in esophageal resting pressures and nine had evidence of disordered motor activity in the body of the esophagus. Knowing from previous investigations that a suprasternal discomfort may be elicited from stimulation of the esophagus at different levels, we propose that the globus sensation is a referred one coming from the hypertonic and frequently incoordinated body of the esophagus.

Auditory Brainstem Prosthesis: Biocompatability of Stimulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Niparko ◽  
Richard A. Altschuler ◽  
David A. Evans ◽  
Xiaolin Xue ◽  
Jamille Farraye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Adverse Tissue Reaction ◽  
Middle Latency ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

As part of a program to develop a central auditory system prosthesis, we have examined the reaction of tissue to different levels of stimulation from electrodes chronically implanted in the cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig. Tolerance and histologic reaction to 20 hours of periodic electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus were analyzed. Intraoperative and postoperative electrically evoked middle latency responses were monitored during stimulus trials. The threshold necessary to generate the middle latency responses was frequently below 50 μA. In the animals that received 50 and 100 μA of blphasic charge-balanced stimulation (corresponding to approximately 200 and 400 μC/cm2 phase), adverse tissue reaction was minimal, and glial proliferation along the electrode tract never exceeded 25 μm in width. Stimulation intensities of 150 and 200 μA (approximately 600 and 800 μC/cm2 phase) produced significant tissue response at the site of the electrode terminus, with necrosis, cell loss, and reactive cells present. Therefore neuronal damage was observed to occur at an intensity far greater than that required for eliciting an electrophysiologic response.

Measurement of vitellogenin from rainbow trout by rocket immunoelectrophoresis: application to the kinetic analysis of estrogen stimulation in the male

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Maitre ◽  
Catherine Le Guellec ◽  
Stephane Derrien ◽  
Martin Tenniswood ◽  
Yves Valotaire
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Seasonal Regulation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Estrogen Stimulation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

The study of the seasonal regulation of vitellogenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) is hampered by two features of the system which are not seen in species such as Xenopus. First, it is impossible to sex immature trout by external appearance and, secondly, the quantitation of the very low levels of vitellogenin in previtellogenic serum is technically difficult and tedious. We describe the preparation of a specific, sensitive anti-vitellogenin antibody and the use of this antibody in a rocket immunoelectrophoresis system to measure serum vitellogenin. The sensitivity of the assay is such that, using only 2 μL of serum, it is possible to detect vitellogenin at levels of 10 μg/mL, making this assay extremely useful for selecting immature female trout for further studies on the basis of the presence of vitellogenin. Using this system we have also measured the response of individual male trout to stimulation with different levels of estradiol, and we have shown that it is possible to measure the stimulation of vitellogenin by estradiol levels equivalent to those seen during the previtellogenic phase of the reproductive cycle in females. This simple assay system thus alleviates two of the major hurdles in studying vitellogenesis in trout.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of diaphragmatic stimulation with single-channel electrodes in rabbits

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guellner Ghedini ◽  
Julio de Oliveira Espinel ◽  
Elaine Aparecida Felix ◽  
Artur de Oliveira Paludo ◽  
Rodrigo Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Diaphragmatic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Every year, a large number of individuals become dependent on mechanical ventilation because of a loss of diaphragm function. The most common causes are cervical spinal trauma and neuromuscular diseases. We have developed an experimental model to evaluate the performance of electrical stimulation of the diaphragm in rabbits using single-channel electrodes implanted directly into the muscle. Various current intensities (10, 16, 20, and 26 mA) produced tidal volumes above the baseline value, showing that this model is effective for the study of diaphragm performance at different levels of electrical stimulation

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