Study of solid state reactions in the PZT ceramic prepared by sol-gel technique

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Qifa ◽  
Kuang Anxiang ◽  
Wu Longshi ◽  
Zhou Taoshen
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Pzt Ceramic

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

The sol–gel synthesis of perovskites by an EDTA/citrate complexing method involves nanoscale solid state reactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Feldhoff ◽  
M. Arnold ◽  
J. Martynczuk ◽  
Th.M. Gesing ◽  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

scholarly journals ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY OF LUMINOPHOR SCREENS FOR SOLID RADIOLUMINESCENT LIGHT SOURCES

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
E. V. Zelenina ◽  
E. A. Pechertseva ◽  
V. V. Bakhmetyev ◽  
M. M. Sychov
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Phosphor Screen ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Radioluminescent Light Sources ◽  
Phosphor Screens

The article observes different methods of coating the phosphor screens on the tritiated titanium matrices for creating the solid-state radioluminescent light sources (SRLS). Technology of SRLS is alternative to the existing technology of the gas-filled radioluminescent light sources. The main idea of SRLS is in bonding the working isotope (tritium) in the solid matrix and combining it with the phosphor. The key problem of SRLS is to provide the closest contact between the tritiated carrier matrix and phosphor screen. The basic requirements for the phosphor screens for SRLS would be the strength of fixation on the plate, uniformity and radiological and thermal stability. There have been made a comparison of various techniques of coating and fixing the phosphor screens by their effect on spectral and brightness characteristics of SRLS. The improved sol-gel technique of suspended sedimentation of phosphor screen from the potassium water glass binder solution was developed. The composition of the solution was established experimentally and we get the strong and uniform experimental prototypes of the glass coated phosphor screens of various thickness. The developed technology allows to deposit the strong and uniform phosphor coatings without using any additional dispersing agents. Screen thickness regulates by the amount of phosphor in the suspension. Also the optimal thickness of the phosphor screen, giving the maximum luminescence intensity was determined. The two laboratory prototypes of solid-state radioluminescent light sources were manufactured by coating the phosphor directly on the tritium β-source.

Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (1-x)BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 Ceramics Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1480-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wen Tan ◽  
Wei Guo Fu ◽  
Xiang Yun Deng ◽  
Ren Bo Yang ◽  
Xiao Fen Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Maximum Dielectric Constant ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Sintered Temperature ◽  
Ferroelectric And Piezoelectric Properties

The(1-x)BaTi0.8Zr0.2O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 ceramics have been prepared by sol-gel technique, where x is from 0.2 to 0.6. It reveals that the dense ceramics can be obtained when the sintered temperature is above 1250°C. It is lower than that of solid state reaction ceramics. In particular, when x=0.3, at which is near the MPB composition, the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are more excellent than the others. The maximum dielectric constant is above 9000, which can be observed in the butterfly shape curves of dielectric constant as a function of electric field. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33 can reach 400 pm/V, and it is obtained from the piezoelectric response loops.

On the Photocatalytic Performance of Indium Tantalate and its Modifications

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoiheb Douiheche ◽  
Robert Haberkorn ◽  
Horst P Beck
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Uv Lamp

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of InTaO4 has been studied regarding the effect of a substitution of In by Ni, of the performance of NiO as well as Ag2O as co-catalysts, and especially of the products of different methods of preparation (solid state reaction and/or sol-gel process) and their particle sizes. Solid state reactions and sol-gel procedures were used to synthesise different products for the catalytic reaction in a reactor vessel equipped with amercury UV lamp. The optical properties and the band gap values of the different products were evaluated by reflectance spectroscopy, and the microstructure parameters of the crystalline products were determined by an elaborate profile analysis of the X-ray diagrams. The evolution of H2 and O2 under irradiation was quantified by a GC setup. The causes for the deviations of the performance of these catalysts from the values reported elsewhere are discussed.

scholarly journals Fabrication of ILs-Assisted AgTaO3 Nanoparticles for the Water Splitting Reaction: The Effect of ILs on Morphology and Photoactivity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4055
Author(s):  
Julia Zwara ◽  
Anna Pancielejko ◽  
Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron ◽  
Justyna Łuczak ◽  
Magdalena Miodyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Platinum Particles

The design of an active, stable and efficient photocatalyst that is able to be used for hydrogen production is of great interest nowadays. Therefore, four methods of AgTaO3 perovskite synthesis, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel and solid state reactions, were proposed in this study to identify the one with the highest hydrogen generation efficiency by the water splitting reaction. The comprehensive results clearly show that the solid state reaction (SSR) led to the obtainment of a sample with an almost seven times higher photocatalytic activity than the other methods. Furthermore, four ionic liquids, all possessing nitrogen in the form of organic cations (two imidazoliums with different anions, ammonium and tetrazolium), were used for the first time to prepare composites consisting of AgTaO3 modified with IL and Pt, simultaneously. The effect of the ionic liquids (ILs) and Pt nanoparticles’ presence on the structure, morphology, optical properties, elemental composition and the effectiveness of the hydrogen generation was investigated and discussed. The morphology investigation revealed that the AgTaO3 photocatalysts with the application of [OMIM]-cation based ILs created smaller granules (<500 nm), whereas [TBA] [Cl] and [TPTZ] [Cl] ILs caused the formation of larger particles (up to 2 μm). We found that various ILs used for the synthesis did not improve the photocatalytic activity of the obtained samples in comparison with pristine AgTaO3. It was detected that the compound with the highest ability for hydrogen generation under UV-Vis irradiation was the AgTaO3_0.2% Pt (248.5 μmol∙g−1), having an almost 13 times higher efficiency in comparison with the non-modified pristine sample. It is evidenced that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of modified composites originated mainly from the presence of the platinum particles. The mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production under UV-Vis light irradiation in the presence of an AgTaO3_IL_Pt composite in the water splitting reaction was also proposed.

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