A microfabricated low-cost Au nanotip pyramidal electrode array using anisotropic etching for enhanced performance of a glucose biosensor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gymama Slaughter ◽  
Deepa Gupta ◽  
Tanmay A. Kulkarni ◽  
Larry L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Anisotropic Etching

scholarly journals An ultra-low-cost electroporator with microneedle electrodes (ePatch) for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (45) ◽  
pp. e2110817118
Author(s):  
Dengning Xia ◽  
Rui Jin ◽  
Gaurav Byagathvalli ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Ling Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
High Electric Field Strength

Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens with pandemic potential requires safe, protective, inexpensive, and easily accessible vaccines that can be developed and manufactured rapidly at a large scale. DNA vaccines can achieve these criteria, but induction of strong immune responses has often required bulky, expensive electroporation devices. Here, we report an ultra-low-cost (<1 USD), handheld (<50 g) electroporation system utilizing a microneedle electrode array (“ePatch”) for DNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The low cost and small size are achieved by combining a thumb-operated piezoelectric pulser derived from a common household stove lighter that emits microsecond, bipolar, oscillatory electric pulses and a microneedle electrode array that targets delivery of high electric field strength pulses to the skin’s epidermis. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 induced by this electroporation system in mice were strong and enabled at least 10-fold dose sparing compared to conventional intramuscular or intradermal injection of the DNA vaccine. Vaccination was well tolerated with mild, transient effects on the skin. This ePatch system is easily portable, without any battery or other power source supply, offering an attractive, inexpensive approach for rapid and accessible DNA vaccination to combat COVID-19, as well as other epidemics.

scholarly journals A low-cost interface for multi-electrode array data acquisition systems

BioTechniques ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Serra ◽  
Amy Chan ◽  
Maya Dubey ◽  
Thomas B. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Array Data ◽  
Data Acquisition Systems ◽  
Multi Electrode Array

scholarly journals A Facile Fabrication of a Potentiometric Arrayed Glucose Biosensor Based on Nafion-GOx/GO/AZO

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Jung-Chuan Chou ◽  
Si-Hong Lin ◽  
Tsu-Yang Lai ◽  
Po-Yu Kuo ◽  
Chih-Hsien Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Biosensors ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide ◽  
Screen Printing Technology

In this study, the potentiometric arrayed glucose biosensors, which were based on zinc oxide (ZnO) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) sensing membranes, were fabricated by using screen-printing technology and a sputtering system, and graphene oxide (GO) and Nafion-glucose oxidase (GOx) were used to modify sensing membranes by using the drop-coating method. Next, the material properties were characterized by using a Raman spectrometer, a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The sensing characteristics of the glucose biosensors were measured by using the voltage–time (V-T) measurement system. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted to analyze their charge transfer abilities. The results indicated that the average sensitivity of the glucose biosensor based on Nafion-GOx/GO/AZO was apparently higher than that of the glucose biosensor based on Nafion-GOx/GO/ZnO. In addition, the glucose biosensor based on Nafion-GOx/GO/AZO exhibited an excellent average sensitivity of 15.44 mV/mM and linearity of 0.997 over a narrow range of glucose concentration range, a response time of 26 s, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.89 mM, and good reproducibility. In terms of the reversibility and stability, the hysteresis voltages (VH) were 3.96 mV and 2.42 mV. Additionally, the glucose biosensor also showed good anti-inference ability and reproducibility. According to these results, it is demonstrated that AZO is a promising material, which could be used to develop a reliable, simple, and low-cost potentiometric glucose biosensor.

Single‐mask fabrication of micro‐probe electrode array with various tip heights and sharpness using isotropic and anisotropic etching

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young‐min Shin ◽  
Yong‐Kweon Kim ◽  
Seung‐Ki Lee ◽  
Jae‐Hyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Array ◽  
Anisotropic Etching ◽  
Mask Fabrication

scholarly journals Efficient and Rapid Detection ofSalmonellaUsing Microfluidic Impedance Based Sensing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibajyoti Ghosh Dastider ◽  
Syed Barizuddin ◽  
Nuh S. Yuksek ◽  
Majed Dweik ◽  
Mahmoud F. Almasri
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Interdigitated Electrode ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Impedance Response ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Microfluidic Biosensor ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Quantitative Results

We present a low cost, easy to fabricate biosensor, which can quickly and accurately detectSalmonella typhimurium. This study also compares the advantages of the microfluidic biosensor over a nonmicrofluidic biosensor. High density interdigitated electrode array was used to detectSalmonellacells inside a microfluidic chip. Monoclonal anti-Salmonellaantibodies were allowed to be immobilized on the surface of the electrode array for selective detection ofSalmonella typhimurium. An impedance analyzer was used to measure and record the response signal from the biosensor. The biosensor provides qualitative and quantitative results in 3 hours without any enrichment steps. The microfluidic biosensor’s lower detection limit was found to be3×103 CFU/mL compared to the3×104 CFU/mL of the nonmicrofluidic biosensor, which shows that the microfluidic biosensor has 10-fold increased sensitivity. The impedance response of microfluidic biosensor was also significantly higher (2 to 2.9 times) compared to the nonmicrofluidic biosensor.

Low-cost and easy-fabrication lightweight drivable electrode array for multiple-regions electrophysiological recording in free-moving mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongyang Sun ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Jianyu Huang ◽  
Kang Huang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Multiple Regions

Abstract Objective. Extracellular electrophysiology has been widely applied to neural circuit dissections. However, long-term multiregional recording in free-moving mice remains a challenge. Low-cost and easy-fabrication of elaborate drivable electrodes is required for their prevalence. Approach. A three-layer nested construct (OD ~1.80 mm, length ~10 mm, <0.1g) was recruited as a drivable component, which consisted of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) heat-shrinkable tube, non-closed loop ceramic bushing, and stainless ferrule with a bulge twining silver wire. The supporting and working components were equipped with drivable components to be assembled into a drivable microwire electrode array with a nested structure (drivable MEANS). Two drivable microwire electrode arrays were independently implanted for chronic recording in different brain areas at respective angles. An optic fiber was easily loaded into the drivable MEANS to achieve optogenetic modulation and electrophysiological recording simultaneously. Main results. The drivable MEANS had lightweight (~ 0.37 g), small (~ 15 mm ×15 mm × 4 mm), and low cost (≤ $64.62). Two drivable MEANS were simultaneously implanted in mice, and high-quality electrophysiological recordings could be applied ≥ 5 months after implantation in freely behaving animals. Electrophysiological recordings and analysis of the lateral septum (LS) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) in food-seeking behavior demonstrated that our drivable MEANS can be used to dissect the function of neural circuits. An optical fiber-integrated drivable MEANS (~ 0.47 g) was used to stimulate and record LS neurons, which suggested that changes in working components can achieve more functions than electrophysiological recordings, such as optical stimulation, drug release, and calcium imaging. Significance. Drivable MEANS is an easily fabricated, lightweight drivable microwire electrode array for multiple-region electrophysiological recording in free-moving mice. Our design is likely to be a valuable platform for both current and prospective users, as well as for developers of multifunctional electrodes for free-moving mice.

A Novel and Simple Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Based on a Silicon Nanowire Array Electrode

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Wei Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chao Feng ◽  
Kang J. Chang ◽  
Gou-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Redox Peak ◽  
Array Electrode ◽  
Silicon Nanowire Array ◽  
Very High

In this study, a novel and simple electrochemical glucose biosensor based on a silicon nanowire array (SNA) electrode was proposed. Metal-assisted etching (MAE) method using an AgNO3 and HF mixing solution as the etchant was employed to grow the silicon nanowire array (SNA) electrode. A thin gold shell is then sputtered over each silicon nanowire. Potassium ferricyanide, glucose oxidase (GOx), and a Nafion thin film were then sequentially coated onto the fabricated SNA for glucose detection. The processing time of the MAE and sputtering as well as the GOx concentration were optimized in terms of the redox peak currents of the SNA electrode. Compared with the corresponding plane gold electrode, the effective sensing area of the synthesized SNA electrode was measured to be 6.12 folds. Actual glucose detections demonstrated that the proposed SNA array electrode could operate in a linear range of 0.55 mM-11.02 mM and a very high sensitivity of 346 μA mM−1 cm−2. The proposed SNA electrode based glucose biosensor possesses advantages of simple fabrication process, low cost, and high sensitivity. It is feasible for future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Preparation of an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor on Polyaniline-Coated Graphite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shova Neupane ◽  
Suresh Bhusal ◽  
Vivek Subedi ◽  
Krishna Badan Nakarmi ◽  
Dipak Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Control of glucose concentration has tremendous significance in medical diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, food, and fermentation industries. Herein, we report on the fabrication of a facile, low-cost, and sensitive enzyme-based amperometric sensor using the electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) film on a graphite electrode. PANI was deposited from an aqueous solution of 0.2 M aniline in 1.0 M hydrocholoric acid (HCl) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Surface morphology and composition characterization of the PANI film were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Potentiostatic immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOX) enzyme in the PANI film was carried out at 0.75 V to fabricate an amperometric glucose biosensor (GOx/PANI/graphite biosensor). The glucose concentration response of the prepared sensor was studied amperometrically by detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The detection of H2O2 was optimized by calibrating the effects of pH, reduction potential, and background current. A reduction potential of -0.4 V at pH 6 was the best combination to get a maximum amperometric response of the GOx/PANI/graphite biosensor. A stable current response was obtained in 4 min with a high reproducibility in linearity within the concentration range of 0.01 M-0.1 M D-glucose. Therefore, the fabricated GOx/PANI/graphite biosensor could be a promising candidate for glucose sensing.

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