High-resolution monitoring of internal layers over the Greenland ice sheet

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kanagaratam ◽  
S.P. Gogineni ◽  
N. Gundestrup ◽  
L. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Internal Layers

Physics, Resolution and Data Assimilation: Making sense of Greenland climate and ice sheet Surface Mass Balance with HARMONIE Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Mottram ◽  
Oskar Landgren ◽  
Rasmus Anker Pedersen ◽  
Kristian Pagh Nielsen ◽  
Ole Bøssing Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Mass Budget ◽  
Numerical Weather

<p>The development of the HARMONIE model system has led to huge advances in numerical weather prediction, including over Greenland where a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model is used to forecast daily surface mass budget over the Greenland ice sheet as presented on polarportal.dk. The new high resolution Copernicus Arctic Reanalysis further developed the possibilities in HARMONIE with full 3DVar data assimilation and extended use of quality-controlled local observations. Here, we discuss the development and current status of the climate version of the HARMONIE Climate model (HCLIM). The HCLIM system has opened up the possibility for flexible use of the model at a range of spatial scales using different physical schemes including HARMONIE-AROME, ALADIN and ALARO for different spatial and temporal resolutions and assimilating observations, including satellite data on sea ice concentration from ESA CCI+, to improve hindcasts. However, the range of possibilities means that documenting the effects of different physics and parameterisation schemes is important before widespread application. </p><p>Here, we focus on HCLIM performance over the Greenland ice sheet, using observations to verify the different plausible set-ups and investigate biases in climate model outputs that affect the surface mass budget (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet. </p><p>The recently funded Horizon 2020 project PolarRES will use the HCLIM model for very high resolution regional downscaling, together with other regional climate models in both Arctic and Antarctic regions, and our analysis thus helps to optimise the use of HCLIM in the polar regions for different modelling purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Bathymetry of Northwest Greenland Using “Ocean Melting Greenland” (OMG) High-Resolution Airborne Gravity and Other Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu An ◽  
Eric Rignot ◽  
Romain Millan ◽  
Kirsty Tinto ◽  
Josh Willis
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sea Bed

Marine-terminating glaciers dominate the evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and its contribution to sea-level rise. Widespread glacier acceleration has been linked to the warming of ocean waters around the periphery of Greenland but a lack of information on the bathymetry of the continental shelf and glacial fjords has limited our ability to understand how subsurface, warm, salty ocean waters of Atlantic origin (AW) reach the glaciers and melt them from below. Here, we employ high-resolution, airborne gravity data (AIRGrav) in combination with multibeam echo sounding (MBES) data, to infer the bathymetry of the coastal areas of Northwest Greenland for NASA’s Ocean Melting Greenland (OMG) mission. High-resolution, AIRGrav data acquired on a 2 km spacing, 150 m ground clearance, with 1.5 mGal crossover error, is inverted in three dimensions to map the bathymetry. To constrain the inversion away from MBES data, we compare two methods: one based on the Direct Current (DC) shift of the gravity field (absolute minus observed gravity) and another based on the density of the bedrock. We evaluate and compare the two methods in areas with complete MBES coverage. We find the lowest standard error in bed elevation (±60 m) using the DC shift method. When applied to the entire coast of Northwest Greenland, the three-dimensional inversion reveals a complex network of connected sea bed channels, not known previously, that provide natural and varied pathways for AW to reach the glaciers across the continental shelf. The study demonstrates that the gravity approach offers an efficient and practical alternative to extensive ship mapping in ice-filled waters to obtain information critical to understanding and modeling ice-ocean interaction along ice sheet margins.

scholarly journals Accumulation rates (2009–2017) in Southeast Greenland derived from airborne snow radar and comparison with regional climate models

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (81) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Montgomery ◽  
Lora Koenig ◽  
Jan T. M. Lenaerts ◽  
Peter Kuipers Munneke
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Internal Layers ◽  
Accumulation Rates

AbstractSince the year 2000, Greenland ice sheet mass loss has been dominated by a decrease in surface mass balance rather than an increase in solid ice discharge. Southeast Greenland is an important region to understand how high accumulation rates can offset increasing Greenland ice sheet meltwater runoff. To that end, we derive a new 9-year long dataset (2009–17) of accumulation rates in Southeast Greenland using NASA Operation IceBridge snow radar. Our accumulation dataset derived from internal layers focuses on high elevations (1500–3000 m) because at lower elevations meltwater percolation obscured internal layer structure. The uncertainty of the radar-derived accumulation rates is 11% [using Firn Densification Model (FDM) density profiles] and the average accumulation rate ranges from 0.5 to 1.2 m w.e. With our observations spanning almost a decade, we find large inter-annual variability, but no significant trend. Accumulation rates are compared with output from two regional climate models (RCMs), MAR and RACMO2. This comparison shows that the models are underestimating accumulation in Southeast Greenland and the models misrepresent spatial heterogeneity due to an orographically forced bias in snowfall near the coast. Our dataset is useful to fill in temporal and spatial data gaps, and to evaluate RCMs where few in situ measurements are available.

scholarly journals High-Resolution in Situ Measurement of Nitrate in Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 12518-12527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Beaton ◽  
Jemma L. Wadham ◽  
Jon Hawkings ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bagshaw ◽  
Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
In Situ Measurement

scholarly journals High-resolution modelling of the seasonal evolution of surface water storage on the Greenland Ice Sheet

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6143-6170 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Arnold ◽  
A. F. Banwell ◽  
I. C. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
Surface Water Storage ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

Abstract. Seasonal meltwater lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet form when surface runoff is temporarily trapped in surface topographic depressions. The development of such lakes affects both the surface energy balance and dynamics of the ice sheet. Although areal extents, depths, and lifespans of lakes can be inferred from satellite imagery, such observational studies have a limited temporal resolution. Here, we adopt a modelling-based strategy to estimate the seasonal evolution of surface water storage for the ~ 3600 km2 Paakitsoq region of W. Greenland. We use a high-resolution time dependent surface mass balance model to calculate surface melt, a supraglacial water routing model to calculate lake filling and a prescribed water-volume based threshold to predict lake drainage events. The model shows good agreement between modelled lake locations and volumes and those observed in 9 Landsat 7 ETM+ images from 2001, 2002 and 2005. We use the model to investigate the lake water volume required to trigger drainage, and the impact that this threshold volume has on the proportion of meltwater that runs off the ice supraglacially, is stored in surface lakes, or enters the subglacial drainage system. Model performance is maximised with prescribed lake volume thresholds between 4000 and 7500 times the local ice thickness. For these thresholds, lakes transiently store < 40% of meltwater at the beginning of the melt season, decreasing to ~ 5 to 10% by the middle of the melt season. 40 to 50% of meltwater runs off the ice surface directly, and the remainder enters the subglacial drainage system through moulins at the bottom of drained lakes.

scholarly journals Brief communication "The aerophotogrammetric map of Greenland ice masses"

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3891-3902 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Citterio ◽  
A. P. Ahlstrøm
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Change Assessment ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Resolution Dataset

Abstract. The PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) aerophotogrammetric map of Greenland ice masses is the first high resolution dataset documenting the mid-1980's extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet and all the local glaciers and ice caps. The total glacierized area was 1 804 638 km2 ± 2178 km2, of which 88 083 ± 1240 km2 belonged to local glaciers and ice caps (GIC) substantially independent from the Greenland Ice Sheet. This new result of GIC glacierized area is higher than most previous estimates, and is in line with contemporary findings based on independent data sources. Comparison between our map and the recently released GIMP (Greenland Mapping Project) Ice Cover Mask (Howat and Negrete, 2012) show potential for change assessment studies.

Forty years later: High resolution continuous flow analysis of the Dye3 ice core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Astrid Kjær ◽  
Margaret Harlan ◽  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Anders Svensson ◽  
Thomas Blunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Core ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis

&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Dye-3 ice core was drilled to bedrock at the Southern part of the central Greenland ice sheet (65&amp;#176;11'N, 43&amp;#176;50'W) in 1979-1981. The southern location is characterized by high accumulation rates compared to more central locations of the ice sheet. Since its drilling, numerous analyses of the core have been performed, and the ice has since been in freezer storage both in the USA and in Denmark.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;In October and November 2019, the remaining ice, two mostly complete sections covering the depths of 1753&amp;#8211;1820m and 1865&amp;#8211;1918m of the Dye-3 core, were melted during a continuous flow analysis (CFA) campaign at the Physics of Ice, Climate, and Earth (PICE) group at the University of Copenhagen. The data represents both Holocene, Younger Dryas and Glacial sections (GS 5 to 12).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The measured data consist chemistry and impurities contained in the ice, isotopes, as well as analysis of methane and other atmospheric gases.&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The chemistry measurements include NH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, Ca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and Na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;ions, which besides being influenced by transport, provide information about forest fires, wind-blown dust, and sea ice, respectively, as well as acidity, which aids in the identification of volcanic events contained in the core. The quantity and grain size distribution of insoluble particles was analyzed by means of an Abakus laser particle counter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;We compare the new high-resolution CFA record of dye3 with previous analysis and thus evaluate the progress made over 40 years. Further we compare overlapping time periods with other central Greenland ice cores and discuss spatial patterns in relation to the presented climate proxies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Hydrological and Kinematic Precursors of Iceberg Calving at Petermann Glacier in Northern Greenland Observed High-temporal Resolution Sentinel-2 Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Li ◽  
Liming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Iceberg Calving

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;The Greenland ice sheet is currently contributing to global sea level at an approximate rate of 0.8 mm/yr. Ice mass loss of Greenland is primarily due to both thinning and retreat of outlet glaciers. For enhanced calving events, detail dynamics characteristics of hydrological and kinematic precursors and underlying mechanisms which control the development of ice calving remain poorly understood, especially in the absence of high-resolution remote sensing observations. On July 26 2017, a calving event took place along a pre-existing rift in Petermann glacier, northern Greenland, which removed partly of the glacier tongue and formed a tabular iceberg 5 km long. In this study, we used high-temporal satellite remote sensing data to detect changes in ice-flow speed, melt ponds and ice m&amp;#233;lange during May and July. These hydrological and kinematic dynamics derived from Sentinel-1/2 satellite images with sub-weekly acquisition repeat cycles can be utilized as retreat precursors to characterize the detailed calving process. Moreover, the stress field and analytical damage solution were calculated by coupling the remote sensing observations with SSA ice sheet model to explain the dynamics mechanism. Our preliminary results show that the ice speed in dense observation reached to 30 m/d on the eve of the calving, which is roughly 10 times quicker than usual ice velocity. Additionally, there exited obviously abnormal stress distribution in crack region. And the landfast sea ice and ice m&amp;#233;lange transformed into open water that the &amp;#160;backscatter coefficient decreased to 28 dB. The extent of melt pond reached the peak about 30 square kilometers coverage in duration month of calving event. It is inferred that this calving event of Petermann glacier may be related to weakening of sea ice and ice m&amp;#233;lange lost the buttressing for ice glacier terminate, tributary glacier extrusion, related with meltwater in&amp;#64257;ltrated crevasses. Therefore, dense remote sensing observations and numerical modeling in ice flow system make it possible for early waring and projecting glacier calving in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key words: Iceberg Calving Precursors, Petermann Glacier, High Resolution Remote Sensing, SSA modeling&lt;/p&gt;

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