Chloride ion selective electrode for detection of low chloride ion concentration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Chuan Chou ◽  
Chun-Hung Liu ◽  
Meng-Wei Su ◽  
Chien-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Selective Electrode

Analysis of Bromide Ion in Wine by Ion Selective Electrode

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
James E Graf ◽  
Troy E Vaughn ◽  
William H Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Bromide Ion

Abstract The use of the bromide ion selective electrode for the determination of bromide ion in wine has been found to be rapid and reliable. The method has been used for still wines and carbonated wines and is applicable to all wines regardless of their country of origin. The method consists of treating a 50 ml aliquot of wine with 2 ml each of 3.75M H3PO4, saturated KNO3, and 1M CuSO4. After 10 min the electrodes are immersed in the samples and a millivolt reading is obtained. One hundred μl 500 ppm bromide ion standard is added and the millivolt reading is taken. Bromide ion concentration in the wine = (CΔ × 1)/((antilog ΔE/S) − 1) where CΔ = 1, ΔE = the change in potential expressed in millivolts, and S = the electrode slope.

Ion-Selective Electrodes Sensitive to Organic Ions. I. The Saccharin Electrode

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1208
Author(s):  
Norio Hazemoto ◽  
Naoki Kamo ◽  
Yonosuke Kobatake
Keyword(s):  
Ion Association ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Sodium Cyclamate

Abstract An ion-selective electrode responsive to saccharin was made by dissolving an ion association which exists between iron(II)-bathophenanthroline chelate and saccharin in nitrobenzene. The electrode developed was capable of measuring saccharin ion concentration in the presence of other sweetening substances, e.g., saccharose, glucose, sodium cyclamate, and sorbitol, over the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-5M.

Measurement of Hydrochloric Acid Emission From Burning PVC Compounds

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Sze On Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Organic Chloride

The development of a novel Micro/TG method for measuring HCl emission from PVC compounds and optimization of operation conditions are described. The main problem with conventional large scale methods is the loss of HCl due to leaks and condensation in the system leading to erroneous results. The Micro/TG method overcomes many of the problems inherent in the large scale method. Comparison with results obtained by the large scale method showed that the total balance of chlorine content determined by the Micro/TG method is closer to the theoretical in all of the formulations tested. Any chlorine in the form of organic-chloride (RCl) will not be detected by the Micro/TG method, a limitation shared by the large scale method. The Micro/TG method offers other advantages such as automation, short experimental time and direct measure ment of chloride ion concentration by ion selective electrode.

Influence of extraction properties of PVC plasticizer membrane on the response of coated wire type ion selective electrode

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Halámek ◽  
Tomáš Čapoun ◽  
Jan Souček
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Coated Wire ◽  
Extraction Properties

The authors studied the influence of the extraction properties of a PVC membrane plasticizer of a coated-wire type ion-selective electrode on its response in titrations of brucine and atropine with sodium tetraphenyl borate, as well as in potentiometric determinations of these compounds. The highest attainable value of the ion pair concentration in the plasticizer, which is limited by the distribution coefficient of the ion pair, determines the interval in which the electrode potential can be changed; and a linear dependence of the potential range of the titration curves on the logarithm of the ion-pair distribution coefficient was found. The slope of the dependence of the electrode potential on the logarithm of the ion concentration to be determined, found in potentiometric measurements, is proportional to the distribution coefficient of the ion which forms a pair with the ion to be determined and in whose solution the electrode membrane is activated between the measurements. The dependence of the slope of the electrode function on the logarithm of the product of the mentioned distribution coefficients is linear.

Fabrication and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Ion Sensors

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Pradhananga ◽  
A. Nyachhyon ◽  
A.P. Yadav ◽  
Lok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
S. Tandukar
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Sensors ◽  
Silver Sulphide

An electrochemical sensor based on the silver sulphide precipitate was fabricated in the laboratory and characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX, and electrochemical techniques. Ion selective electrode (ISE) was found to be sensitive enough to sense the sulphide ion concentration from 10-1 to 10-5 M in alkaline medium. The change in electrode potential per decade change in sulphide ion concentration was found to be 31.5 mV at laboratory temperature indicating adherence of the ion selective electrode to Nernst’s equation. The sensor have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations, hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke and determination of solubility products of sparingly soluble silver salts. A trace amount of hydrogen sulphide, a toxic gas, is present in the cigarette smoke. The quantitative estimation of hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke is a challenging task to analytical chemist. Hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke had been determined by absorbing the cigarette smoke in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was analyzed using silver sulphide based ion sensor by standard addition technique using modified Gran plot. The average amounts of hydrogen sulphide produced by a stick of cigarette in 8 different brands of Nepalese cigarette ware found to range from 0.0332 mg to 0.0766 mg. The sensitivity and reliability of these home made ion sensors were excellent and in par with commercial electrodes. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion sensors are especially appealing since the sensor can be fabricated with ease from the materials that are readily available in the chemistry laboratory and the sensor is quite sensitive and gives reproducible results which are sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes.

Ion Selective Electrode for Determination of Chloride Ion in Biological Materials, Food Products, Soils, and Waste Water

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sekerka ◽  
Josef F Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Beef Extract

Abstract The chloride ion selective electrode is used for a rapid, simple, and reliable determination of chloride ion in biological materials (blood serum, urine, fish, and plant tissues), food products (milk, beef extract, nutrient broth and orange, tomato, and grapefruit juices), soils, and waste water (industrial and municipal). The method consists of treating the samples with perchloric acid (pH 1) and potassium peroxydisulfate and determining the chloride content either by a calibration curve or by known addition or analyte addition, using the chloride ion selective electrode. Such sample treatment eliminates most of the interferences occurring in the samples, including iodide, complexing and reducing compounds, and macromolecular and surface-active species. The method is suitable for a wide range of chloride concentration, e.g., 5010 ppm CI in nutrient broth and 4890 ppm in beef extract and as low as 12 and 80 ppm in soil extracts.

Analysis for Chloride Ion in High Purity Water and Heavy Water of Pressurized Reactors and Cooling Systems by Ion Selective Electrode

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-627
Author(s):  
Ivan Sekerka ◽  
Josef F Lechner ◽  
Les Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Water ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Standard Solutions

Abstract A rapid, simple, sensitive, and reliable determination of parts per billion (ppb) levels of chloride ion is described for high purity water or heavy water of pressurized and high temperature reactors, steam generators, and cooling systems by mercurous chloride-mercuric sulfide ion selective electrode. The method has been applied to heavy water samples of CANDU-type nuclear reactors as well as to the water of conventional steam generators. The manual method consists of treating 100 ml aliquots of standard solutions and water samples with 1 ml 2M HNO3. A calibration curve is constructed from the millivolt readings obtained in the standard solutions, and chloride ion concentration of the samples is determined by comparing the mv reading of the sample with the calibration graph. The automated and computerized version provides all operations automatically, together with a direct printout of the concentration and indexing. The electrode displays near-Nernstian response for the range 0.05–3.500 ppm chloride and can be used for concentrations as low as 0.02 ppm. Comparative tests and coefficients of variation are highly satisfactory.

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