Density study of (D (+) mannose + water), (D (+) mannose + water + sodium cyclamate), (D (+) maltose monohydrate + water) and (D (+) maltose monohydrate + water + sodium cyclamate) systems at T = 298.15 K

Effect of different concentrations of aqueous solutions of sodium cyclamate on sugars (mono and disaccharides) are observed by measuring the densities of (sugar + water) and (sugar + water + sodium cyclamate) systems. Densities of aqueous solutions of D (+) mannose (monosaccharide) and D (+) maltose monohydrate (disaccharide) in (0.05, 0.15, 0.3) mol.kg-1 of sodium cyclamate (Na-Cyclamate) at T = 298.15 K have been measured. From experimental values of densities , Vɸ0( partial molar volumes) ΔtrsVɸ0 (partial molar volumes of transfer) ASV (apparent specific volumes) interaction parameters (𝑉𝐴𝐵) and (𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐵 ) have been determined. The calculated values of various parameters have been used to interpret the results in terms of (D (+) mannose – water), (D (+) mannose –water– Na-cyclamate), (D (+) maltose monohydrate – water) and (D (+) maltose monohydrate – water – Na-cyclamate) interactions in sugar– water – Na-cyclamate and quality of taste sense of solutions.

ANALISIS KANDUNGAN PEMANIS BUATAN SIKLAMAT PADA SIRUP YANG BEREDAR DIPASAR BESAR MALANG SECARA KUANTITATIF MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Sweeteners are chemical compounds that are often added and used for industrial food processing products as well as beverages and foods, sweeteners consist of natural sweeteners and synthetic sweeteners, one of the synthetic sweeteners is sodium cyclamate. This study aims to identify and determine the level of sodium cyclamate in syrup by UV spectrophotometry method and to determine the level of sodium cyclamate in syrup is still safe for consumption. The type of research is experimental and descriptive. The research sample used is syrup which is sold in the big market of Malang City. The method used for the determination of sodium cyclamate levels was done by UV spectrophotometry whose absorption was measured at a maximum wavelength of 314 nm. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that there were positive samples containing sodium cyclamate, namely sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The assay results in sample 1 were 238.78 mg/kg, sample 2 was 239.65 mg/kg and sample 3 was 241.39 mg/kg. Of the three samples tested for levels of cyclamate in syrup sold in the big market in Malang City, they still meet the requirements set by the head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency.

Volumetric Properties of aqueous solutions of Arabinose, Xylose and Galactose in presence / absence of Sodium Cyclamate

Sugars can affect our blood glucose (sugar), weight and blood fats. Synthetic sugars (artificial sweetener) provide little or no calories or carbohydrate or do not increase blood sugar. In food and pharmaceutical industries, blends of sweeteners are commonly used to design the food products and pharmaceutical doses, the information regarding type and extent of sweetener-sweetener and sweetener -water interactions and taste quality of the solution required. The aqueous solutions of arabinose, xylose and galactose with and without cyclamate are studied. Densities of solutions of arabinose, xylose and galactose in presence of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.3 m sodium cyclamate have been measured at 298.15K. Partial molar volumes, apparent specific volumes, partial molar volumes of transfer and doublet and triplet interaction parameters have been calculated. The information obtained from these parameters has been used to understand type and extent of sweetener-sweetener and sweetener -water interactions and taste quality of the solution.

A turn-on fluorescent sensor based on coffee-grounds carbon dots for the detection of sodium cyclamate

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by coffee-grounds as carbon source under hydrothermal carbonization treatment for the first time. The obtained CQDs showed a strong emission at the wavelength of 460 nm, with an optimum excitation of 370 nm, and enrichment of the surface functional groups(-OH, -NH2). Sodium cyclamate in an aqueous solution and the CQDs could form a core-shell structure by hydrogen-bonding and van der waals bonding to enhance the fluorescent emission. Cyclohexyl sulfamate forms cyclohexyl sulfamate in an aqueous solution and then undergoes dehydration and condensation with the hydroxyl groups on the carbon quantum dots, and finally sodium cyclamate forms a core-shell structure around the carbon quantum dots.环己基氨基磺酸盐在水溶液中形成环己基氨基磺酸盐，然后与碳量子点上的羟基进行脱水和缩合，最后环甜酸钠在碳量子点周围形成核-壳结构。Cyclohexyl sulfamate form a cyclohexyl sulfamic acid in an aqueous solution followed by dehydration condensation with hydroxyl groups on the carbon quantum dots, cyclamate final core-shell structure is formed in the peripheral carbon quantum dot,

Determination of four additives in cakes by large volume gradient ion chromatography

This paper aims to establish a detection method for simultaneous determining four additives in flour products: one simultaneously determines the acesulfame, sodium cyclamate, bromate, and calcium propionate through the selection of ion chromatography pump flow rate, injection volume, eluent concentration, optimization of sample pretreatment and the influence of interfering ions. When using the pump flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, 200 µL large volume injection, 0-14 min, 14-25 min eluent concentration 30 mmol/L gradient elution, 25-26 min eluent concentration 6 mmol/L, flour product is pulverized after addition of water vortex ultrasonic extraction, the supernatant by C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) columns and silver filter, 0.22μm water phase porous membrane testing on the machine, the detection limits of the four kinds of targets are 0.16 μg/ml, 0.19 μg/ml, 0.24 μg/ml, and 0.38 μg/ml, respectively; The standard deviations of retention time and peak area are calcium propionate, respectively 0.13~0.42%, 2.14~4.25% ; bromate 0.20~0.67%, 1.33~4.52% ; sodium cyclamate 0.14~0.53%, 3.57~5.62% ; acesulfame potassium 0.64~0.93%, 0.42~5.81%. This method uses water as the sole extraction solvent and can detect four additives in flour products in a single test. And the pretreatment process is also very simple. When it is applied to other food tests, some compounds may cause interference, which can be assisted by other testing methods.

Determination of sweeteners in wine by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS)

Sweeteners are food additive substances that give a sweet taste to foods but their use in oenological practices is forbidden. Making use of the capabilities of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, a method for wine analysis was developed and validated for the detection and quantitation of some of the most widely used sweeteners: aspartame, potassium acesulfame, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose and stevioside. A matrix-matched calibration was used for all compounds obtaining a linear concentration range from 50 μg/L to 1000 μg/L. The limit of detection ranged from 0.002 mg/L to 0.014 mg/L, and the limit of quantification varied between 0.005 mg/L and 0.048 mg/L. Precision and recovery were assessed for 50 μg/L, 250 μg/L and 1000 μg/L with repeatability and intermediate precision values from 0.6% to 21.6% and 2.7% to 26.4% respectively, and recoveries ranging from 60% to 126%. These results were achieved using minimal sample preparation with a fast and high throughput method that is applicable to a wide range of wine matrices.

Effect of the Glycemic Index of Meals on Physical Exercise: A Case Report

Carbohydrate uptake before physical exercise allows to maintain plasma glucose concentration. Though, foods or beverages containing the same carbohydrate concentration do not produce the same glycemic and insulin responses which are related to their glycemic index (GI). Last, most studies of CHO loading have been conducted with male subjects, with the assumption that the results also apply to female athletes.Sixteen volunteer amateur athletes, eight men and eight women (age 39.1 ± 7.8 y; VO2max 55,7 ± 11,7 ml/kg/min), were selected and then divided into four groups of four people each one. The trial was divided into several days, one for each group. A carbohydrate source or a placebo (energy 86,5 ± 6,7 kcal; CHO 20,0 g; fat 0,3 ± 0,3 g; protein 0,8 ± 0,8 g) was assigned randomly to each athlete in the group: these supplements differed in the ability to increase blood glucose (banana: high-GI; dried apricots: low-GI; energy gel: mixture of CHO with different blood release), while the placebo was composed of water, sodium cyclamate, sodium saccharin and acesulfame potassium. Three blood samples were taken from each athlete from finger, by glucometer: one before supplementation, one half an hour later – at the start of the run – and one at the end of the exercise.Physical activity consisted of 40 minutes run at medium-high intensity, corresponding to 82% of maximum heart rate or 70% of VO2max. In order to improve the analysis of the results obtained from the detection of biological samples, a questionnaire was submitted to all participants to know their lifestyle and anthropometric and physiological data.Results highlighted a different glycemic response between men and women, suggesting the consumption of low-GI food rather than high-GI before physical exercise in order to keep plasma glucose levels constant.

In vivo Modelling of Toxicity of Eight Commercial Artificial Sweeteners in Daphnia Neonates and Zebrafish Embryos through Cardiac Performance Assessments

Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. Epidemiological evidences suggest that an overdose of artificial sweeteners could result to adverse effects after consumption. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential adverse effects of eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharin and sucralose on cardiac performances of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Daphnia as model animals. Embryonic zebrafish and Daphnia were exposed to eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb concentrations and their cardiac performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output and heartbeat regularity) were measured and compared. Saccharin significantly increased the heart rate of zebrafish larvae while a significant decrease was observed in Daphnia. Significant increase was also noted in zebrafish heart rate variability after incubation in acesulfame K, dulcin, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose. However, a significant increase in Daphnia was only observed after incubation in dulcin. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering results, several artificial sweetener samples were species-specific to zebrafish and Daphnia. Our study demonstrates the potential adverse physiological effects of artificial sweeteners in cardiovascular systems of zebrafish larvae and Daphnia.