Fog Computing as Enabler for Blockchain-Based IIoT App Marketplaces - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Seitz ◽  
Dominic Henze ◽  
Daniel Miehle ◽  
Bernd Bruegge ◽  
Jochen Nickles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing

scholarly journals A Fog Computing-Based Architecture for Medical Records Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero A. Silva ◽  
Gibeon S. Aquino ◽  
Sávio R. M. Melo ◽  
Dannylo J. B. Egídio
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
And Storage

The aging of the world’s population and the growth in the number of people with chronic diseases have increased expenses with medical care. Thus, the use of technological solutions has been widely adopted in the medical field to improve the patients’ health. In this context, approaches based on Cloud Computing have been used to store and process the information generated in these solutions. However, using Cloud can create delays that are intolerable for medical applications. Thus, the Fog Computing paradigm emerged as an alternative to overcome this problem, bringing computation and storage closer to the data sources. However, managing medical data stored in Fog is still a challenge. Moreover, characteristics of availability, performance, interoperability, and privacy need to be considered in approaches that aim to explore this problem. So, this article shows a software architecture based on Fog Computing and designed to facilitate the management of medical records. This architecture uses Blockchain concepts to provide the necessary privacy features and to allow Fog Nodes to carry out the authorization process in a distributed way. Finally, this paper describes a case study that evaluates the performance, privacy, and interoperability requirements of the proposed architecture in a home-centered healthcare scenario.

scholarly journals An Approach Based on Fog Computing for Providing Reliability in IoT Data Collection: A Case Study in a Colombian Coffee Smart Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8904
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Montoya-Munoz ◽  
Oscar Mauricio Caicedo Rendon
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The reliability in data collection is essential in Smart Farming supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). Several IoT and Fog-based works consider the reliability concept, but they fall short in providing a network’s edge mechanisms for detecting and replacing outliers. Making decisions based on inaccurate data can diminish the quality of crops and, consequently, lose money. This paper proposes an approach for providing reliable data collection, which focuses on outlier detection and treatment in IoT-based Smart Farming. Our proposal includes an architecture based on the continuum IoT-Fog-Cloud, which incorporates a mechanism based on Machine Learning to detect outliers and another based on interpolation for inferring data intended to replace outliers. We located the data cleaning at the Fog to Smart Farming applications functioning in the farm operate with reliable data. We evaluate our approach by carrying out a case study in a network based on the proposed architecture and deployed at a Colombian Coffee Smart Farm. Results show our mechanisms achieve high Accuracy, Precision, and Recall as well as low False Alarm Rate and Root Mean Squared Error when detecting and replacing outliers with inferred data. Considering the obtained results, we conclude that our approach provides reliable data collection in Smart Farming.

scholarly journals IoT Security Configurability with Security-by-Contract

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Giaretta ◽  
Nicola Dragoni ◽  
Fabio Massacci
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Work First ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Cybersecurity is one of the biggest challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, as well as one of its most embarrassing failures. As a matter of fact, nowadays IoT devices still exhibit various shortcomings. For example, they lack secure default configurations and sufficient security configurability. They also lack rich behavioural descriptions, failing to list provided and required services. To answer this problem, we envision a future where IoT devices carry behavioural contracts and Fog nodes store network policies. One requirement is that contract consistency must be easy to prove. Moreover, contracts must be easy to verify against network policies. In this paper, we propose to combine the security-by-contract (S × C) paradigm with Fog computing to secure IoT devices. Following our previous work, first we formally define the pillars of our proposal. Then, by means of a running case study, we show that we can model communication flows and prevent information leaks. Last, we show that our contribution enables a holistic approach to IoT security, and that it can also prevent unexpected chains of events.

scholarly journals Developing applications in large scale, dynamic fog computing: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Ky Giang ◽  
Rodger Lea ◽  
Victor C.M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fog Computing

scholarly journals Influence of Montoring: Fog and Edge Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Prasad ◽  
Madhuri D Bhavsar ◽  
Sudeep Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
The World ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Edge And Fog Computing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has augmented the necessity for Cloud, edge and fog platforms. The chief benefit of cloud-based schemes is they allow data to be collected from numerous services and sites, which is reachable from any place of the world. The organizations will be benefited by merging the cloud platform with the on-site fog networks and edge devices and as result, this will increase the utilization of the IoT devices and end users too. The network traffic will reduce as data will be distributed and this will also improve the operational efficiency. The impact of monitoring in edge and fog computing can play an important role to efficiently utilize the resources available at these layers. This paper discusses various techniques involved for monitoring for edge and fog computing and its advantages. The paper ends with a case study to demonstarte the need of monitoring in fog and edge in the healthcare system.

scholarly journals A Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Distributed Data Monetization in Fog Computing Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de la Vega ◽  
Javier Soriano ◽  
Miguel Jimenez ◽  
David Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Contract Duration ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Event Generation

Modern IoT deployments do require considerable investments that might only be justified if the data being gathered could be monetized, which leads to the need for a digital data marketplace. In many cases, the provider of the IoT data needs to process it locally for data curation, aggregation, stream processing, etc. At the same time, the consumer could be interested in nearby data. This scenario resembles a fog computing architecture where companies require being able, keeping data under their control, to securely make it available to other companies in a peer-to-peer fashion, without needing a cloud intermediary (like traditional marketplaces do), thus maximizing the locality of the processing and avoiding the existence of a bottleneck when the intermediary makes the data delivery for accounting purposes. Nevertheless, this imposes a hard requirement: by not having a central marketplace, the peers (seller and customer) need to trust each other, which, in turn, requires enforcing a nonrepudiation schema. In this paper, the authors propose a distributed peer-to-peer architecture for such a data marketplace that takes advantage of the architectural fundamentals of fog computing, in which data processing, filtering, and stream based event generation is done in a fog node along with the data, and where relationships, both commercial agreements and data delivery, are performed directly between producers and consumers without the need of mutual trust thanks to the usage of blockchain principles (e.g., distributed ledger, consensus mechanism). The proposed architecture is validated through a case study involving a set of key issues regarding nonrepudiation commonly identified when moving from a centralized marketplace to a distributed one. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed solution does not bring in any limitation with regard to a centralized marketplace solution, in terms of pricing models (subscriptions, pay-per-use, etc.) or usage conditions (contract duration, updates rate, etc.).

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