A Wide-Range Capacitance-to-Frequency Readout Circuit using Pulse-Width Detection and Delay-Line-Based Feedback Control Loop

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yung Lu ◽  
Siang-Sin Shan ◽  
Tiger Chang ◽  
Yu-Te Liao
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Delay Line ◽  
Readout Circuit ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Adaptive Real-Time Wavelet Denoising Architecture Based on Feedback Control Loop

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (ICRIE) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fars Samann ◽  
◽  
Serwan Ali Bamerni ◽  
Jeeman Ahmed Khorsheed ◽  
Ahmed Khorsheed Al-sulaifanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Wavelet Denoising ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
Wide Range

The discrete wavelet transform is commonly used as a denoising step for many applications, like biomedical applications which are usually suffering from low SNR of the recorded signal. However, the choice of appropriate threshold value for DWT coefficients plays significant role in reconstructing the denoised signal. This paper presents a design of real-time wavelet denoising architecture which is suitable for wide range of real-time denoising applications. In this design, an adaptive thresholding approach based on feedback control loop is proposed to make the architecture more applicable for real-time wavelet denoising. This thresholding method considers a noise level estimator module based on first detail coefficients level 𝑑1 to calculate the unknown standard deviation of background noise. The proposed architecture is developed using MATLAB to simulate the suggested denoising method. The performance of the proposed denoising method is studied in terms of integral gain 𝐺 of feedback control and window size 𝑀 with respect to the improvement in SNR and settling time. The results imply that the proposed denoising architecture is suitable for real-time denoising applications with acceptable improvement in SNR approximately 8 dB.

scholarly journals Pulse width control loop as a duty cycle corrector

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Jovanovic ◽  
Mile Stojcev
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Saturation Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Charge Pump Circuit

The clock distribution and generation circuitry forms a critical component of current synchronous digital systems. A digital system?s clocks must have not only low jitter, low skew, but also well-controlled duty cycle in order to facilitate versatile clocking techniques. In high-speed CMOS clock buffer design, the duty cycle of a clock is liable to be changed when the clock passes through a multistage buffer because the circuit is not pure digital [8]. In this paper, we propose a pulse width control loop referred as MPWCL (modified pulse width control loop) that adopts the same architecture as the conventional PWCL, but with a new pulse generator and new charge pump circuit as a constituent of the duty cycle detector. Thanks to using new building blocks the proposed pulse width control loop can control the duty cycle in a wide range, and what is more important it becomes operative in saturation region too, what provides conditional for fast locking time. For 1.2 ?m double-metal double-poly CMOS process with Vdd = 5 V and operating frequency of 133 MHz, results of SPICE simulation show that the duty cycle can be well controlled in the range from 20 % up to 80 % if the loop parameters are properly chosen.

scholarly journals Effects of electrical stimulation on isolated rodent gastric smooth muscle cells evaluated via a joint computational simulation and experimental approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. G672-G680 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Du ◽  
S. Li ◽  
G. O'Grady ◽  
L. K. Cheng ◽  
A. J. Pullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pulse Train ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Wide Range

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) involves the delivery of electrical impulses to the stomach for therapeutic purposes. New GES protocols are needed that are optimized for improved motility outcomes and energy efficiency. In this study, a biophysically based smooth muscle cell (SMC) model was modified on the basis of experimental data and employed in conjunction with experimental studies to define the effects of a large range of GES protocols on individual SMCs. For the validation studies, rat gastric SMCs were isolated and subjected to patch-clamp analysis during stimulation. Experimental results were in satisfactory agreement with simulation results. The results define the effects of a wide range of GES parameters (pulse width, amplitude, and pulse-train frequency) on isolated SMCs. The minimum pulse width required to invoke a supramechanical threshold response from SMCs (defined at −30 mV) was 65 ms (at 250-pA amplitude). The minimum amplitude required to invoke this threshold was 75 pA (at 1,000-ms pulse width). The amplitude of the invoked response beyond this threshold was proportional to the stimulation amplitude. A high-frequency train of stimuli (40 Hz; 10 ms, 150 pA) could invoke and maintain the SMC plateau phase while requiring 60% less power and accruing ∼30% less intracellular Ca2+ concentration during the plateau phase than a comparable single-pulse protocol could in a demonstrated example. Validated computational simulations are an effective strategy for efficiently identifying effective minimum-energy GES protocols, and pulse-train protocols may also help to reduce the power consumption of future GES devices.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Initiation Process of Electroexplosive Devices

2018 ◽  
pp. 322-333
Author(s):  
Paulo C. C. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Values

Electroexplosive devices, EEDs or squibs (an electric resistance encapsulated by a primary explosive), fundamentally convert electrical energy into heat, solely to start off an explosive chemical reaction. Obviously, the EED activation shall not happen by accident or, even worse, by intentional exogenous influence. From an ordinary differential equation (ODE), which describes this device thermal behaviour for both continuous and pulsed electrical excitation, a remarkable, but certainly not intuitive, dependence of the temperature response on the heat transfer process time-constant is verified: the EED temperature profile dramatically changes as the time-constant spans a wide range of values, from much lesser than the pulse width to much greater than the pulse period. On the basis of this dependence, important recommendations, concerning the EED safety (and efficient) operation, are presented.

Resonant Control of a Single-Link Flexible Manipulator

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Auwalu M. Abdullahi ◽  
Z. Mohamed ◽  
Marwan Nafea M.
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Flexible Manipulator ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
System A ◽  
Resonant Modes ◽  
Single Link ◽  
Integral Controller ◽  
Proportional Integral Controller ◽  
Resonant Control

This paper presents resonant control of a single-link flexible manipulator based on the resonant modes frequencies of the system. A flexible manipulator system is a single-input multi-output (SIMO) system with motor torque as an input and hub angle and the tip deflection as outputs. The previous system which is modeled using the finite element method is considered, and the resonant modes of the system are determined. Two negative feedback controllers are used to control the system. The inner feedback control loop designed using the resonant frequencies adds damping to the system and suppress the vibration effect around the hub angle. For the outer feedback control loop, a proportional integral controller is designed to achieve a zero steady state error so that a precise tip positioning can be achieved. Simulation results are presented and discussed to show the effectiveness of the resonant control scheme. 

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