Effects of Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Working Memory of Opioid-dependent Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Taksibi ◽  
Leila Kashani-Vahid ◽  
Samira Vakili ◽  
Hadi Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation

scholarly journals Pre-attention and Working Memory in ADHD: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471987949
Author(s):  
Bendik Rund Torgalsbøen ◽  
Pål Zeiner ◽  
Merete Glenne Øie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Diagnostic Measures

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the development of working memory and preliminary stages of attentional processing in individuals with ADHD over a 23- to 25-year period. Method: Individuals with ADHD ( n = 19) and healthy controls ( n = 26) were followed up after 13 years (T2) and 23 to 25 years (T3) after initial assessment (T1). They were reassessed with diagnostic measures and the Backward masking task (pre-attention) and the Digit span distractibility test with and without distraction conditions (working memory). Results: The ADHD group performed below the healthy controls on all time points on the Digit span distractibility test. On the distractibility condition, we found a selective decline in performance from T2 to T3 for the ADHD group. Conclusion: The results highlight that ADHD individuals continue to display working memory deficits, also in adulthood, thus creating an imperative for cognitive rehabilitation techniques to help address attention difficulties.

scholarly journals Executive Function Training in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Study Protocol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krawczyk ◽  
Kihwan Han ◽  
David Martinez ◽  
Jelena Rakic ◽  
Matthew Kmiecik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Post Injury

Abstract Background: Some individuals who sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) continue to experience significant cognitive impairments chronically (months-to-years post-injury). Many tests of executive function are insensitive to these executive function impairments, as such impairments may only appear during complex daily life conditions. Daily life often requires us to divide our attention and focus on abstract goals. In the current study, we compare the effects of two one-month electronic cognitive rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic TBI. The active program (Expedition: Strategic Advantage) focuses on improving goal-directed executive functions including working memory, planning, long-term memory, and inhibitory control by challenging participants to accomplish life-like cognitive simulations. The challenge level of the simulations increase in accordance with participant achievement. The control intervention (Expedition: Informational Advantage) is identical to the active; however, the cognitive demand level is capped preventing participants from advancing beyond a set level. We will evaluate these interventions with a military veteran TBI population. Methods: One hundred individuals will be enrolled in this double-blinded clinical trial (all participants and testers are blinded to condition). Each individual will be randomly assigned to one of two interventions. The primary anticipated outcomes are improvement of daily life cognitive function skills and daily life functions. These are measured by a daily life performance task, which tests cognitive skills, and a survey that evaluates daily life functions. Secondary outcomes are also predicted to include improvements in working memory, attention, planning, and inhibitory control as measured by a neuropsychological test battery. Lastly, neuroimaging measures will be used to evaluate changes in brain networks supporting cognition pre-intervention and post-intervention. Discussion: We will test whether electronically delivered cognitive rehabilitation aimed at improving daily life functional skills will provide cognitive and daily life functional improvements for individuals in the chronic phase of TBI recovery (greater than three months post-injury). We aim to better understand the cognitive processes involved in recovery and the characteristics of individuals most likely to benefit. This study will also address the potential to observe generalizability, or transfer, from a software-based cognitive training tool toward daily life improvement. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03704116 (retrospectively registered) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03704116?term=tbi+krawczyk&rank=1 Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury, executive functions, daily life functions, memory, attention, planning. Support: Joint Warfighter Program; U. S. Dept. of Defense W81XWH-16-1-0053

Memory improvement in multiple sclerosis after an extensive cognitive rehabilitation program in groups with a multicenter double-blind randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-763
Author(s):  
Helene Brissart ◽  
Abdou Y Omorou ◽  
Natacha Forthoffer ◽  
Eric Berger ◽  
Thibault Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Learning Abilities

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an extended cognitive rehabilitation program in group’s sessions in multiple sclerosis. Design: Double-blind multicenter randomized trial. Participants: People with multiple sclerosis of 18 to 60 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale ⩽6.0, mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Interventions: They were randomized into cognitive rehabilitation program (ProCog-SEP) or in a placebo program. ProCog-SEP comprises 13 group’s sessions over 6 months and includes psychoeducational advices and cognitive exercises. Placebo program included non-cognitive exercises. No strategy and no cognitive advice were provided. Main measures: The primary endpoint was the percentage of verbal memory learning measured by the Selective Reminding Test. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is carried out before and after interventions by a neuropsychologist blinded to intervention. Effectiveness of the ProCog-SEP versus Placebo has been verified using linear regression models. Results: In total, 128 participants were randomized and 110 were included in the study after planning session in groups; 101 completed this trial (77.2% females); mean age: 46.1 years (±9.6); disease duration: 11.8 years (±7.5). ProCog-SEP was more effective in increasing in learning index (9.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 16.99); p = 0.02) and in working memory on manipulation (0.63 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.09); p = 0.01), and updating capacities (–1.1 (95% CI: –2.13, –0.06); p = 0.04). No difference was observed for other neuropsychological outcomes. Regarding quality of life outcomes, no change was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ProCog-SEP could improve verbal learning abilities and working memory in people with multiple sclerosis. These improvements were observed with 13 group sessions over 6 months.

scholarly journals Employing connectome-based models to predict working memory in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena R. Manglani ◽  
Stephanie Fountain-Zaragoza ◽  
Anita Shankar ◽  
Jacqueline A. Nicholas ◽  
Ruchika Shaurya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Individual Level

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are vulnerable to deficits in working memory, and the search for neural correlates of working memory in circumscribed areas has yielded inconclusive findings. Given the widespread neural alterations observed in MS, predictive modeling approaches that capitalize on whole-brain connectivity may better capture individual-level working memory in this population.MethodsHere, we applied connectome-based predictive modeling to functional MRI data from working memory tasks in two independent samples with relapsing-remitting MS. In the internal validation sample (ninternal = 36), functional connectivity data were used to train a model through cross-validation to predict accuracy on the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test, a gold-standard measure of working memory in MS. We then tested its ability to predict performance on the N-back working memory task in the external validation sample (nexternal = 36).ResultsThe resulting model successfully predicted working memory in the internal validation sample but did not extend to the external sample. We also tested the generalizability of an existing model of working memory derived in healthy young adults to people with MS. It showed successful prediction in both MS samples, demonstrating its translational potential. We qualitatively explored differences between the healthy and MS models in intra- and inter-network connectivity amongst canonical networks.DiscussionThese findings suggest that connectome-based predictive models derived in people with MS may have limited generalizability. Instead, models identified in healthy individuals may offer superior generalizability to clinical samples, such as MS, and may serve as more useful targets for intervention.Impact StatementWorking memory deficits in people with multiple sclerosis have important consequence for employment, leisure, and daily living activities. Identifying a functional connectivity-based marker that accurately captures individual differences in working memory may offer a useful target for cognitive rehabilitation. Manglani et al. demonstrate machine learning can be applied to whole-brain functional connectivity data to identify networks that predict individual-level working memory in people with multiple sclerosis. However, existing network-based models of working memory derived in healthy adults outperform those identified in multiple sclerosis, suggesting translational potential of brain networks derived in large, healthy samples for predicting cognition in multiple sclerosis.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Profile in a Sample of Brazilian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD)

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Rizzutti ◽  
E.G. Sinnes ◽  
L.F. Coelho ◽  
L. Freitas ◽  
D. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Brazilian Children

The main objective of this study was to analyse the clinical and neuropsychological profile of a sample of Brazilian children with ADHD, in order to contribute for diagnostic procedures. Participants were 150 children aged 7 to 14 with complaints of attention difficulties and/or hyperactivity. They were assessed by a multidisciplinary team with a battery of neuropsychological tests.Results:75 children (55 male) fulfilled the criteria for ADHD: 35 of inattentive type, 28 of combined type and 12 hyperactive/impulsive. In addition, 33 (44%) of the children had comorbities. Children with higher scores for hyperactivity and impulsivity showed low performance in these working memory measures than those with other types. In the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), a higher rate of omissions was found in the inattentive group. Children with comorbidity of oppositional desafiant disorder presented lower ISI and Hit RT scores in addition to higher rates of omission.Conclusion:This study suggests that neuropsychological profile in children with ADHD is associated to specific differences in working memory performance and also in specific measures of the CPT. In addition, better defined tests, involving not only attention and motor planning may determine different neuropsychological profiles and, consequently, different approaches in cognitive rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of computerized motion-based cognitive rehabilitation on improvement of working memory of children with ADHD

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jalili ◽  
Vahid Nejati ◽  
Hasan Ahadi ◽  
Seyed Ali Katanforosh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Children With Adhd
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