scholarly journals Election of Regional Directors-at-Large and Members-at-Large [Society News]

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Keyword(s):  
Large Society

Children and the Experience of Violence: Contrasting Cultures of Punishment in Northern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Last
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Large Society ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Difference

AbstractArising out of debates over ‘children at risk’ and the ‘rights of the child’, the article compares two contrasting childhoods within a single large society—the Hausa‐speaking peoples of northern Nigeria. One segment of this society—the non‐Muslim Maguzawa—refuse to allow their children to be beaten; the other segment, the Muslim Hausa, tolerate corporal punishment both at home and especially in Qur'anic schools. Why the difference? Economic as well as political reasons are offered as reasons for the rejection of corporal punishment while it is argued that, in the eyes of Muslim society in the cities, the threat of punishment is essential for both educating and ‘civilising’ the young by imposing the necessary degree of discipline and self‐control that are considered the hallmark of a good Muslim. In short, ‘cultures of punishment’ arise out of specific historical conditions, with wide variations in the degree and frequency with which children actually suffer punishment, and at whose hands. Finally the question is raised whether the violence experienced in schooling has sanctioned in the community at large a greater tolerance of violence‐as‐‘punishment’.

Naïve Learning in Social Networks and the Wisdom of Crowds

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Golub ◽  
Matthew O Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Large Society ◽  
True Value ◽  
Noisy Signals ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

We study learning in a setting where agents receive independent noisy signals about the true value of a variable and then communicate in a network. They naïvely update beliefs by repeatedly taking weighted averages of neighbors' opinions. We show that all opinions in a large society converge to the truth if and only if the influence of the most influential agent vanishes as the society grows. We also identify obstructions to this, including prominent groups, and provide structural conditions on the network ensuring efficient learning. Whether agents converge to the truth is unrelated to how quickly consensus is approached. (JEL D83, D85, Z13)

Unlikelihood of Condorcet's paradox in a large society

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Tangian
Keyword(s):  
Large Society

scholarly journals Reputational benefit of punishment: Comparison among the punisher, rewarder, and non-sanctioner

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ozono ◽  
Motoki Watabe
Keyword(s):  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Large Society ◽  
Chicken Game

Many researchers have suggested that a sanctioning system is necessary to achieve cooperation in a large society. Sanctioning others, however, is costly, raising the question of what exactly is the adaptive advantage of sanctioning. One possible answer is that sanctioners get reputational benefit. While the reputational benefits accruing to punishers and nonpunishers have been compared in previous studies, in the present study we directly compared the reputational benefit of punisher, rewarder, and non-sanctioner. We conducted a scenario experiment in which participants were asked to play several games, such as the Ultimatum Game, Dictator Game, and Chicken Game with punisher, rewarder, and non-sanctioner. While in previous studies, punishers have gotten better reputational benefit as providers of resources than have non-sanctioners, we found that punishers received worse reputations than did rewarders or non-sanctioners in all games used in our experiment. These results suggest that reputational benefits change according to what kind of sanction individuals can exercise.

Microbeam Analysis Society Presidential Message

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Ryna Marinenko
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
First Century ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Large Society ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
Analysis Society ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Microbeam Analysis Society

Dear Colleagues,As we move toward the twenty-first century, the Microbeam Analysis Society is going through a few changes, mostly for economic reasons. MAS is not a large society, yet it is healthy due to the strong support of members who believe that microanalysis needs its own venue for communication, education, and growth. I want to thank all those people who contributed to MAS, who through the years, from its beginnings more than thirty years ago to the present, have donated their time and energy to bringing the society to its mature position today. Thanks to these members, MAS exhibits the ultimate in scientific professionalism and fiscal integrity which makes me very proud to be a participant.

scholarly journals KONTEKS POLITIS ADMINISTRATIF DALAM REFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DAERAH

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Ma’arif
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Objective Condition ◽  
Large Society ◽  
Preventive Approach ◽  
The People

Public service is area where government and large society meet one another. Unfortunatelly, public service in Indonesia is still contaminated by various practices of corruption. Based on the such objective condition, war against corruption should be done not only by using repressive approach like law enforcement. This action, however, needs to be supported by preventive approach through public service reforms. By conducting public service reforms, government attempts to make social welfare of the people become higher by delivering acces of resources alocation (politics, social, and economics) as wide as possible for the people. Thus, the issue of public service reforms should be positioned as part of common efford to solve problems of justice, redistribution, and choice of development model. Public service reforms finally must be understood not just administratve affair, but also political affair.Key word: public service, corruption, reforms

Normative Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Large Society ◽  
The Face

This article shows that one should start social science inquiry with individuals, their motivations, and the kinds of transactions they undertake with one another. It specifically discusses four basic schools of social theory: conflict, shared-values, exchange, and coordination theories. Conflict theories almost inherently lead into normative discussions of the justification of coercion in varied political contexts. Religious visions of social order are usually shared-value theories and interest is the chief means used by religions to guide people. Individualism is at the core of an exchange theory. Because the first three theories are generally in conflict in any moderately large society, coercion is a sine qua non for social order. Coordination interactions are especially important for politics and political theory and probably for sociology, although exchange relations might be most of economics, or at least of classical economics. Shared-value theory may possibly turn into the most commonly asserted alternative to rational choice in this time as contractarian reasoning recedes from center stage in the face of challenges to the story of contracting that lies behind it and the difficulty of believing people actually think they have consciously agreed to their political order.

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