Blood Type Identification Through Spectrophotometry and Optical Density Analysis

Characteristics of electron microscope film emulsions, such as the speed, the modulation transfer function, and the exposure dependence of the noise power spectrum, have been studied for electron energies (80-100keV) used in conventional transmission microscopy. However, limited information is available for electron energies in the intermediate to high voltage range, 300-1000keV. Furthermore, emulsion characteristics, such as optical density versus exposure, for new or improved emulsions are usually only quoted by film manufacturers for 80keV electrons. The need for further film emulsion studies at higher voltages becomes apparent when searching for a film to record low dose images of radiation sensitive biological specimens in the frozen hydrated state. Here, we report the optical density, speed and relative resolution of a few of the more popular electron microscope films after exposure to 1MeV electrons.Three electron microscope films, Kodak S0-163, Kodak 4489, and Agfa Scientia 23D56 were tested with a JEOLJEM-1000 electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 1000keV.

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Optical density analysis of levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), substance P (SP) and catechoalmines in myenteric ganglia of lleum, proximal colon (PC) and distal colon (DC) from vehicle-and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated guinea pigs

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81666-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A335-A335

Author(s):

K LEPARD ◽

R PORTER

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Substance P ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Density Analysis ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Myenteric Ganglia

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Fibrinogen Montreal

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647795 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 29 (03) ◽

pp. 536-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M Lacombe ◽

J Soria ◽

C Soria ◽

G d’Angelo ◽

R Lavallee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Functional Defect ◽

A Chain ◽

Fibrin Monomers

SummaryA new case of congenital dysfibrinogenemia characterized by a prolonged thrombin clotting time and a low optical density of the polymerization curve has been discovered in Montreal. The functional defect is due to an abnormal aggregation of fibrin monomers.The characteristics of this abnormal fibrinogen are serum gélification (Paracoagulation) at 37°, 22° and 4° C, a normal immuno-electrophoretic and electrofocusing pattern, a slight increase in the mobility in the α (A) chain by electrophoresis of the dissociated chains in polyacrylamide gel. However, no abnormality was found in the α (A) chain of the disulphide knot.

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Automation of Two-Stage Factor VIII Assay

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646705 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 455-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yvonne Stirling ◽

D J Howarth ◽

Marguerite Vickers ◽

W R S North ◽

T W Meade

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Optical Density ◽

Electric Circuit ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Two Stage ◽

Laboratory Error ◽

Premature Closure ◽

Factor Viii Concentrates ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Automated Methods

SummaryTwo automated methods for two-stage factor VIII assays have been compared with one another, and evaluated in practice. The Depex method records the clotting time when an electric circuit is completed by the formation of a fibrin thread across a hook-type electrode; the Electra method is based on an optical density technique of clot detection. The two methods gave comparable results for measured levels of factor VIII when haemophilic or “normal” plasmas were assayed. Results from the two methods in practice also suggest that both are valid at low and “normal” factor VIII levels. The Electra method is also probably suitable for assays of concentrates; however, the Depex method appears to give falsely high values in these circumstances, and experimental findings suggest that the reason may be that increased viscosity due to the high fibrinogen levels in factor VIII concentrates causes premature closure of the circuit between the two ends of the Depex electrode. The main advantage of the Depex method is that, provided 3 or 4 machines are available, a given number of assays can be completed more quickly than on Electra. The main advantages of Electra are that it is probably subject to less laboratory error than Depex, and that it is suitable for assaying concentrates as well as haemophilic and “normal” plasmas.

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Enhancement of Platelet Sensitivity to ADP-Aggregation by Isometric Exercise in Arteriosclerotic Patients and its Prevention

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649233 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 37 (02) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tadahiro Sano ◽

Takeshi Motomiya ◽

Hiroh Yamazaki ◽

Takio Shimamoto

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Optical Density ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

New Method ◽

Platelet Aggregability ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Healthy Control

SummaryA new method for assessment of platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation was devised. Its reproducibility and the correlations between the values obtained by this method, the optical density (O. D.) method, and the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method were assessed. In summary, this method may be said to have three main points:1. It can be performed without centrifugation, avoiding mechanical stress to platelets, using only 0.8 ml. of blood and inexpensive equipment.2. It may reflect different aspects of platelet function from the O. D. method and the SFP method, despite the positive significant correlations between the values obtained by these three methods.3. It was proved to be highly reproducible and is thought to be useful clinically.By using this method, the effect of sustained isometric exercise by handgripping on platelet aggregability was assessed in coronary sclerotic and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients on placebo and EG-626, a newly synthesized cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. On placebo, an enhancement of platelet sensitivity was observed after isometric exercise in coronary and cerebral arteriosclerotic patients but not in healthy control subjects. The enhancement was prevented by pretreatment of EG-626, administered orally 1.5 hours prior to exercise.

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Spatiotemporal distribution of foraging in a marine predator: behavioural drivers of hotspot formation

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 635 ◽

pp. 187-202

Author(s):

T Brough ◽

W Rayment ◽

E Slooten ◽

S Dawson

Keyword(s):

Time Of Day ◽

Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽

Temporal Effects ◽

Marine Predator ◽

Marine Predators ◽

Additive Mixed Models ◽

Density Analysis ◽

The Times ◽

Passive Acoustic ◽

Spatial Locations

Many species of marine predators display defined hotspots in their distribution, although the reasons why this happens are not well understood in some species. Understanding whether hotspots are used for certain behaviours provides insights into the importance of these areas for the predators’ ecology and population viability. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of foraging behaviour in Hector’s dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori, a small, endangered species from New Zealand. Passive acoustic monitoring of foraging ‘buzzes’ was carried out at 4 hotspots and 6 lower-use, ‘reference areas’, chosen randomly based on a previous density analysis of visual sightings. The distribution of buzzes was modelled among spatial locations and on 3 temporal scales (season, time of day, tidal state) with generalised additive mixed models using 82000 h of monitoring data. Foraging rates were significantly influenced by all 3 temporal effects, with substantial variation in the importance and nature of each effect among locations. The complexity of the temporal effects on foraging is likely due to the patchy nature of prey distributions and shows how foraging is highly variable at fine scales. Foraging rates were highest at the hotspots, suggesting that feeding opportunities shape fine-scale distribution in Hector’s dolphin. Foraging can be disrupted by anthropogenic influences. Thus, information from this study can be used to manage threats to this vital behaviour in the locations and at the times where it is most prevalent.

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Novel organic, polymeric materials for electronics applications

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-722-k9.16 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 722 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ram W. Sabnis ◽

Mary J. Spencer ◽

Douglas J. Guerrero

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Polymeric Systems ◽

Patterned Wafers ◽

Visible Spectra ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Deep Ultraviolet ◽

Deposited Films

AbstractNovel organic, polymeric materials and processes of depositing thin films on electronics substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been developed and the lithographic behavior of photoresist coated over these CVD films at deep ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength has been evaluated. The specific monomers synthesized for DUV applications include [2.2](1,4)- naphthalenophane, [2.2](9,10)-anthracenophane and their derivatives which showed remarkable film uniformity on flat wafers and conformality over structured topography wafers, upon polymerization by CVD. The chemical, physical and optical properties of the deposited films have been characterized by measuring parameters such as thickness uniformity, solubility, conformality, adhesion to semiconductor substrates, ultraviolet-visible spectra, optical density, optical constants, defectivity, and resist compatibility. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of cross-sectioned patterned wafers showed verticle profiles with no footing, standing waves or undercut. Resist profiles down to 0.10 νm dense lines and 0.09 νm isolated lines were achieved in initial tests. CVD coatings generated 96-100% conformal films, which is a substantial improvement over commercial spin-on polymeric systems. The light absorbing layers have high optical density at 248 nm and are therefore capable materials for DUV lithography applications. CVD is a potentially useful technology to extend lithography for sub-0.15 νm devices. These films have potential applications in microelectronics, optoelectronics and photonics.

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