scholarly journals Equilibrium Signaling in Spatially Inhomogeneous Diffusion and External Forces

Author(s):  
Malcolm Egan ◽  
Bayram Cevdet Akdeniz ◽  
Bao Quoc Tang
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Wood ◽  
Michael E. McIntyre

Abstract An initial zonally symmetric quasigeostrophic potential vorticity (PV) distribution qi(y) is subjected to complete or partial mixing within some finite zone |y| < L, where y is latitude. The change in M, the total absolute angular momentum, between the initial and any later time is considered. For standard quasigeostrophic shallow-water beta-channel dynamics it is proved that, for any qi(y) such that dqi/dy > 0 throughout |y| < L, the change in M is always negative. This theorem holds even when “mixing” is understood in the most general possible sense. Arbitrary stirring or advective rearrangement is included, combined to an arbitrary extent with spatially inhomogeneous diffusion. The theorem holds whether or not the PV distribution is zonally symmetric at the later time. The same theorem governs Boussinesq potential-energy changes due to buoyancy mixing in the vertical. For the standard quasigeostrophic beta-channel dynamics to be valid the Rossby deformation length LD ≫ εL where ε is the Rossby number; when LD = ∞ the theorem applies not only to the beta channel but also to a single barotropic layer on the full sphere, as considered in the recent work of Dunkerton and Scott on “PV staircases.” It follows that the M-conserving PV reconfigurations studied by those authors must involve processes describable as PV unmixing, or antidiffusion, in the sense of time-reversed diffusion. Ordinary jet self-sharpening and jet-core acceleration do not, by contrast, require unmixing, as is shown here by detailed analysis. Mixing in the jet flanks suffices. The theorem extends to multiple layers and continuous stratification. A least upper bound and greatest lower bound for the change in M is obtained for cases in which qi is neither monotonic nor zonally symmetric. A corollary is a new nonlinear stability theorem for shear flows.


1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (PR7) ◽  
pp. Pr7-33-Pr7-42
Author(s):  
L. L. Alves ◽  
G. Gousset ◽  
C. M. Ferreira

Author(s):  
Marcio Luis Costa ◽  
Alex Silva Messias

Nas últimas décadas se observa o retorno da religião sob forma de fundamentalismo religioso, utilizando a mídia e instrumentos de pressão política para fazer valer suas crenças, pois diante do receio ao questionamento, os fundamentalistas veem no “outro”, no diferente, uma ameaça a ser combatida e, em alguns casos, extirpada para preservar suas convicções. O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir as tendências sócio-políticas do fundamentalismo religioso cristão. Para tanto, com método bibliográfico narrativo, visitamos alguns autores em nível nacional e internacional, que abordam as condições que fizeram emergir o fenômeno social do fundamentalismo religioso, sua estruturação e atuação, até suas demandas sócio-políticas. Os resultados apontam que quando se identifica e transfere qualquer responsabilidade pessoal e histórica para as forças externas, o “outro”, entendido como pessoa e/ou instituição, não podemos negar que esse processo alcança dimensões de problema social. Notamos algumas tendências como mudança de movimento religioso para ideologia acirrada, da postura de fiel para militância, do “ad intra” das religiões para demandas “ad extra”, dos altares e púlpitos para ocupações políticas.Palavras-chave: Fundamentalismo Religioso; Protestante; Católico. CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM: SOCIAL-POLITICS TENDENCIESAbstractIn the last decades the return of religion in religious fundamentalism form can be observed, using media and instruments of political pressure, because when facing the fear of questioning, fundamentalists see in the “other”, in the different, a threat to be stopped and, in some cases, extirpated top preserve their convictions.  This study aims to discuss the social-politics tendencies of the Christian religious fundamentalism. For that, with the narrative bibliographic method, we visited some authors of national and international level, that approach the conditions that caused the emergence of the religious fundamentalism social phenomenon, its structure and role, until its social-politics demand. The results show that when any personal or historical responsibility is identified and transferred to external forces, the “other”, understood as person and/or institution, we cannot deny this process reaches dimensions of social problem. We notice some tendencies such as the change of the religious movement to fierce ideology, from the posture of faithful to militancy, from “ad intra” of religions to “ad extra” demands, from the altars and pulpits to political positions.Keywords: Religious Fundamentalism; Protestant; Catholic.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Zheng Jin ◽  
Timothy Tamunang Tamutana

Self-serving bias is individuals' belief that leads them to blame external forces when bad things happen and to give themselves credit when good things happen. To evaluate how underlying evaluative associations toward the self or others differ between individuals, and/or how the regulation mechanism of the influence of such associations differs, we used a multinomial process model to measure the underlying implicit self-esteem in these processes with 56 Chinese undergraduate students. The results indicated that participants assessed themselves as being better than others when their performance was followed by a desirable outcome. Subsequent application of the quadruple processes showed that both activation of positive associations toward self and regulation of the associations played important roles in attitudinal responses. Our findings may provide a supplementary explanation to that of previous results, promoting understanding of the mechanism underlying self-serving bias.


Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee

This chapter focuses on governance, a key building block of a health system. A government is responsible for the health of its people. It sets the health strategy and oversees the implementation of health programs. External forces and actors influence the governance of the health sector. This chapter explores governance of health from the perspective of the nation-state coordinating its own health system (sometimes called governance for global health). The chapter examines the internal and external forces that influence national governance for global health. The chapter also looks beyond the level of the nation-state to explore the concept of global governance for health. In the interconnected and globalized world, global governance for health is needed to coordinate the geopolitical forces that impact health and its social determinants.


1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Blümich

Abstract Recent developments, focussing on reduction of the rf excitation power by stochastic excitation, on improvements in sensitivity and excitation bandwidth by magic angle spinning, and on combining wideline spectroscopy with spatial resolution for investigations o f spatially inhomogeneous objects are reviewed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
M. M. Freitas ◽  
M. J. Dos Santos ◽  
A. J. A. Ramos ◽  
M. S. Vinhote ◽  
M. L. Santos

Abstract In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of a nonlinear coupled system of wave equations with damping terms and subjected to small perturbations of autonomous external forces. Using the recent approach by Chueshov and Lasiecka in [21], we prove that this dynamical system is quasi-stable by establishing a quasistability estimate, as consequence, the existence of global and exponential attractors is proved. Finally, we investigate the upper and lower semicontinuity of global attractors under autonomous perturbations.


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