<p>The combination of multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) transmission and orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) modulation has been shown to be an effective way to
substantially enhance the capacity of bandlimited optical wireless
communication (OWC) systems. In this paper, we propose four OFDM-based
generalized optical MIMO techniques for intensity modulation/direct detection
(IM/DD) OWC systems, including OFDM-based frequency-domain generalized spatial
modulation (FD-GSM), frequency-domain generalized spatial multiplexing
(FD-GSMP), time-domain generalized spatial modulation (TD-GSM) and time-domain
generalized spatial multiplexing (TD-GSMP). For OFDM-based FD-GSM and FDGSMP,
spatial mapping is performed in the frequency domain, while it is carried out
in the time domain for OFDM-based TDGSM and TD-GSMP. To efficiently estimate
both spatial and constellation symbols in each OFDM-based generalized optical
MIMO technique, a corresponding maximum-likelihood (ML) detection algorithm is
designed. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate and compare the
performance of the proposed four OFDM-based generalized optical MIMO techniques
in a typical indoor environment. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority
of OFDM-based TD-GSM and TD-GSMP for various spectral efficiencies of 4, 5 and
6 bits/s/Hz, when a relatively high secondary direct current (DC) bias is
adopted.</p>