Virtual Virtual Circuits: One Step beyond Virtual Mobile Nodes in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are one of the most popular applications of Ad-hoc networks, where networks are formed without any sort of physical connecting medium and can be formed whenever required. It is an area in networks that has enjoyed a considerable amount of attention for quite some time. Due to the highly mobile environment where these networks find their usability, it can be understood that there are a lot of problems with respect to maintaining the communication links between the moving vehicular nodes and the static infrastructures which act as the access points (AP) for these moving vehicular mobile nodes (MN). The coverage area of each AP is limited and as such, the connections need to be re-established time and again between the MNs and the closest accessible AP. Handoff is the process involved here, which deals with selecting the optimal APs as well as the best network available for data transmission. In this article, the authors compare various handoff methods and categorize them based on the different approaches they follow.

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Experiences with virtual mobile nodes that do move in vehicular ad hoc networks

2012 Third International Conference on The Network of the Future (NOF) ◽

10.1109/nof.2012.6463995 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Jack Fernando Bravo-Torres ◽

Martin Lopez-Nores ◽

Yolanda Blanco-Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Hoc Networks

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Enhancement of Link Stability and Connectivity in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i1s.1767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1S) ◽

pp. 266-271

Author(s):

Kishor N. Tayade, Et. al.

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Routing Algorithm ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

The Road ◽

Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is a promising sub-group of MANET. VANET is deployed on the highways, where the vehicles are mobile nodes. Safety and intelligent transportation are important VANET applications that require appropriate communication among vehicles, in particular routing technology. VANETs generally inherit their common features from MANETs where vehicles operate in a collaborative and dispersed way for promoting contact among vehicles and with network infrastructure like the Road Side Units (RSU) for enhanced traffic experience. In view of the fast growth of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), VANETs has attracted considerable interest in this decade. VANET suffer from a major problem of link failure due to dynamic mobility of vehicles. In this paper we proposed a position based routing algorithm to identify stable path, this will improve the routing by decreasing overhead and interrupting the number of links. Link Expiration Time (LET) is used to provide the stable link, the link with the longest LET is considered as the most stable link. The multicast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (MAODV) is proposed to avoid the link breakages by using a link with longest LET. Data loss is reduced by avoiding link breakages and enhance throughput by reducing the communication delay.

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Improved GPSR Routing Protocol in VANETs

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1877 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 1877-1881

Author(s):

Jian Yao ◽

Hao You Peng ◽

Tian Fu

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Mobility Model ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Greedy Forwarding ◽

And Topology ◽

Topology Changes ◽

Hoc Networks

According to characteristics that the vehicles move fast and topology changes quickly in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a novel routing protocol GMGP based on the location is proposed for VANETs. Predicting the changes of the neighboring nodes positions and using greedy forwarding mechanism forward packet, and using a movement perimeter forwarding algorithm to select the next reliable hop node on the basis of direction and velocity of the mobile nodes when the greedy forwarding fails, it improves the reliability of routing. When a more realistic vehicles mobility model is applied to the NS-2 simulation platform, the simulation indicates that the improved routing protocol has better performance than the GPSR routing protocol.

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A Review on the Role and Importance of Congestion Control for Traffic Optimization in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

IoT and Cloud Computing Advancements in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks - Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2570-8.ch007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 144-155

Author(s):

Harjit Singh ◽

Vijay Laxmi ◽

Arun Malik ◽

Isha Batra

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Congestion Control ◽

High Speed ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

High Mobility ◽

High Rate ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Packet Losses ◽

Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANets) are designed to provide reliable wireless communications between high-speed mobile nodes. To improve the performance of VANets' applications, and make a safe and comfort environment for VANets' users, Quality of Service (QoS) should be supported in these networks. The delay and packet losses are two main indicators of QoS that dramatically increase due to the congestion occurrence in the networks. Indeed, due to congestion occurrence, the channels are saturated and the packet collisions increase in the channels. Therefore, the congestion should be controlled to decrease the packet losses and delay, and to increase the performance of VANets. Congestion control in VANets is a challenging task due to the specific characteristics of VANets such as high mobility of the nodes with high speed, and high rate of topology changes, and so on.

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An Advanced Security and Data Integrity Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.994 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 403-408 ◽

pp. 994-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd. Umar Farooq ◽

Mohammad Pasha ◽

Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan ◽

Mahboob Ul Haq Atif

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc Network ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Data Integrity ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽

Malicious Node ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Hoc Networks

MANETS is a kind of ad-hoc network which is continuously changing and not predictable. The nodes in this kind of network are mobile and reorganize themselves randomly. Mobility of these nodes keeps changing from time to time. These nodes are connected using wireless connections to form an ad-hoc network called VANETS. In VANETS (vehicular ad-hoc network) the mobile nodes are vehicles which are equipped with their own resources to carry out the communication (like power, software etc). This paper deals with analyzing the vulnerabilities of VANETS and achieving data integrity and security by providing some authentic means of communication and standards. It describes a protocol which provides prevention against malicious node and how the network reacts in the presence of the malicious node. Using the concept of reliability tables, the paper describes a methodology to dynamically re-create a new route whenever a malicious node is interfaced thus achieving data integrity and security.

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