Interception loss, throughfall and stemflow by Larrea divaricata : The role of rainfall characteristics and plant morphological attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio N. Magliano ◽  
Juan I. Whitworth‐Hulse ◽  
Eva L. Florio ◽  
Esteban C. Aguirre ◽  
Lisandro J. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Interception Loss ◽  
Larrea Divaricata

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8876
Author(s):  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Komal Mumtaz ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Vigor Index

This research was designed to elucidate the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing bacterial strains for the amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Bacterial strains were isolated from a farmer’s field in the arid region of Pakistan. Out of 24 isolated stains, two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (Accession No. MT742976) and Azospirillum brasilense (Accession No. MT742977) were selected, based on their ability to produce EPS and withstand drought stress. Both bacterial strains produced a good amount of EPS and osmolytes and exhibited drought tolerance individually, however, a combination of these strains produced higher amounts of EPS (sugar 6976 µg/g, 731.5 µg/g protein, and 1.1 mg/g uronic acid) and osmolytes (proline 4.4 µg/mg and sugar 79 µg/mg) and significantly changed the level of stress-induced phytohormones (61%, 49% and 30% decrease in Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), and Cytokinin (CK)) respectively under stress, but an increase of 27.3% in Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was observed. When inoculated, the combination of these strains improved seed germination, seedling vigor index, and promptness index by 18.2%, 23.7%, and 61.5% respectively under osmotic stress (20% polyethylene glycol, PEG6000). They also promoted plant growth in a pot experiment with an increase of 42.9%, 29.8%, and 33.7% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively. Physiological attributes of plants were also improved by bacterial inoculation showing an increase of 39.8%, 61.5%, and 45% in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content respectively, as compared to control. Inoculations of bacterial strains also increased the production of osmolytes such asproline, amino acid, sugar, and protein by 30%, 23%, 68%, and 21.7% respectively. Co-inoculation of these strains enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 35.1%, catalase (CAT) by 77.4%, and peroxidase (POD) by 40.7%. Findings of the present research demonstrated that EPS, osmolyte, stress hormones, and antioxidant enzyme-producing bacterial strains impart drought tolerance in wheat and improve its growth, morphological attributes, physiological parameters, osmolytes production, and increase antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Idealized Simulations of Mei-yu Rainfall in Taiwan under Uniform Southwesterly Flow using A Could-Resolving Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chieh Wang ◽  
Pi-Yu Chuang ◽  
Shi-Ting Chen ◽  
Dong-In Lee ◽  
Kazuhisa Tsuboki
Keyword(s):  
Large Angle ◽  
Complex Topography ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Regime ◽  
Fixed Direction ◽  
Real Atmosphere ◽  
Thermodynamic Effects ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Abstract. In this study, idealized cloud-resolving simulations are performed for horizontally uniform and steady southwesterly flow at fixed direction/speed combinations to investigate rainfall characteristics and the role of the complex topography in Taiwan during the Mei-yu season, without the influence of a front or other disturbances. Eight directions (180° to 285°, every 15°) and eight speeds (5 to 22.5 m s−1, every 2.5 m s−1) are considered, and near-surface relative humidity (RH) is also altered (from 55–100 %) in a subset of these tests to further investigate the effects of moisture content, yielding a total 109 experiments each having a integration length of 50 h. Three rainfall regimes that correspond to different ranges of the wet Froude number (Frw) are identified from the idealized simulations (with a grid size of 2 km). The low-Frw regime (Frw ≤ ~0.3) where the island circulation from thermodynamic effects during daytime is the main cause of rainfall in local afternoon. The lower the wind speed (and Frw), the more widespread and amount of rainfall. On the other hand, the high-Frw regime (Frw ≥ ~0.4) occurs when the flow at least 12.5 m s−1 impinges on Taiwan terrain at a large angle to favor the flow-over scenario. Thus, topographic rainfall production becomes dominant through mechanical uplift of unstable air. In this scenario, the faster and wetter the flow, the heavier the rainfall on the windward slopes, with the most favorable direction from 240°–255°. Between the two regimes above, a third and mixed regime also exists. The idealized results are discussed for their applicability to the real atmosphere.

scholarly journals Rainwater management role to solve problem related to hydro- environment engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Susilawati Cicilia Laurentia ◽  
Yulius PK Suni ◽  
Alfred Fredrich Lukas
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
The Right

The problems related to hydro-environmental engineering on small islands are flood and drought, for the less favourable rainfall characteristics. Big rainfall intensity comes and flows immediately as storm runoff to the sea because of short distance, and no chance to infiltrate into the soil as ground-water recharge. Floods and landslides occur during rainy season and drought during the dry season. This research investigates the role of rainwater management in order to overcome these problems. The literature review and field observations of experiences on rainwater management techniques applied on both communal scale and household level. The results show that firstly, rainwater must be managed in ways that small amount of rainwater flows out immediately to the sea. So, it has the chance to infiltrate into the soil as ground-water recharge. This is done by making some water-traps series, harvesting rainwater and storing it into the ponds at the household scale. The water then could be utilized for domestic and agriculture purposes. Secondly, learning from several experiences’ technology implementation as water conservation, it can be found the right way to manage rainwater at communal/household scale. These actions give the rainwater management having contributions to solve problems related to hydro-environments engineering.

Role of MJO in modulating rainfall characteristics observed over India in all seasons utilizing TRMM

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2352-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Anandh ◽  
Naresh Krishna Vissa ◽  
Ciarán Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Characteristics

scholarly journals Starch Granule Size and Morphology as a Proxy for Water Regime Influence on Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Stefania Wilks ◽  
Lisbeth A. Louderback ◽  
Shannon Boomgarden
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Human Subsistence

A wealth of information on the patterns of human subsistence and plant domestication has been generated from studies on maize (Zea mays) starch granules. However, very little work has been conducted on how the size and morphology of those granules might change as a function of water stress during the growing season. In the arid Southwest, the role of irrigation in growing maize is an essential parameter in many foraging models. Our study seeks to determine if there are significant changes in the size and other morphological attributes of starch granules from maize planted at Range Creek Canyon under two different irrigation regimes ranging from little water (once every three weeks) to ample water (once a day). Our results provide data on the effects of irrigation on Z. mays starch granules and, therefore, have implications for identifying archaeological maize and possibly determining past water regimes at Range Creek Canyon.

scholarly journals Partitioning of rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in the Brazilian Northeastern Atlantic Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques C. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Luis C. de A. Lemos Filho ◽  
Julio C. N. dos Santos ◽  
José B. Brasil ◽  
Helba A. de Q. Palácio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Vegetation Distribution ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Interception Loss ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

ABSTRACT Information on hydrology, and vegetation distribution is essential for the development of techniques and strategies to cope with droughts in semi-arid environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in the Brazilian Northeastern Atlantic Forest, and its correlations with rainfall characteristics. The study was conducted in the Bica watershed, in Portalegre, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The work was carried out in 2017, with monitoring of the throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in an area of 10 × 20 m. Total rainfall depths (TRD) and wind speed were measured, and the evapotranspiration (ET0) was estimated. Based on this information, the intensity (I), kinetic energy (KE) and intensity at intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min of each rainfall event were measured. Twenty rainfall events occurred during the study period. The vegetation showed interception of 44.9%, throughfall of 52.9%, and stemflow of 2.2% of the total rainfall. Three principal components (PC) were formed in the PC Analysis, explaining more than 84% of the total variance. PC1, PC2, and PC3 encompassed variables related to rainfall energy to overcome the vegetation physical barrier, inflow and outflow, and variables dependent on the rainfall duration, respectively.

Rainfall Characteristics and Trends—and the Role of Congo Westerlies—in the Western Uganda Transition Zone of Equatorial Africa From 1983 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (20) ◽  
pp. 10712-10729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Diem ◽  
Hae Seung Sung ◽  
Bronwen L. Konecky ◽  
Michael W. Palace ◽  
Jonathan Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Western Uganda

scholarly journals Modelling rainfall interception in unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Asdak ◽  
P. G. Jarvis ◽  
P. V. Gardingen
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Interception Loss

Abstract. Rainfall interception losses were monitored for twelve months and related to vegetation and rainfall characteristics at the Wanariset Sangai on the upper reaches of the Mentaya river, Central Kalimantan. The rainfall interception losses were quantified for one hectare each of unlogged and logged humid tropical rainforests. The results show that interception loss is higher in the unlogged forest (11% of total gross rainfall) than in the logged forest (6%). Interception loss was also simulated by the modified Rutter model and Gash's original and revised models. Both the Rutter and revised Gash models predicted total interception loss over a long period adequately, and resulted in estimates of the interception loss that deviated by 6 to 14% of the measured values, for both the unlogged and logged plots.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document