scholarly journals The electoral roots of unequal representation. A spatial modelling approach to party systems and voting in Western Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN ROSSET ◽  
ANNA‐SPOHIE KURELLA
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

The Puzzle of Populism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems

This chapter sets out the puzzle at the center of the book: what explains the success of populist campaigners in India, Asia, and beyond? It summarizes the existing literature on populist success both in Latin America and Western Europe and argues that these explanations do a poor job of explaining Indian and Asian cases in particular. Populists win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. However, because different kinds of party systems experience distinct stresses and strains, we need different models of populist success based on the prevailing party­–voter linkage system in place in any given country. The chapter then sets out the rationale for concentrating on explaining populist success in patronage-based party systems, which are common not only to Asia, but also to Latin America and Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals The Centre Does Not Hold: Coalition Politics and Party System Change in the Netherlands, 2002–12

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huib Pellikaan ◽  
Sarah L. de Lange ◽  
Tom W.G. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Party System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Coalition Formation Process ◽  
The Impact

Like many party systems across Western Europe, the Dutch party system has been in flux since 2002 as a result of a series of related developments, including the decline of mainstream parties which coincided with the emergence of radical right-wing populist parties and the concurrent dimensional transformation of the political space. This article analyses how these challenges to mainstream parties fundamentally affected the structure of party competition. On the basis of content analysis of party programmes, we examine the changing configuration of the Dutch party space since 2002 and investigate the impact of these changes on coalition-formation patterns. We conclude that the Dutch party system has become increasingly unstable. It has gradually lost its core through electoral fragmentation and mainstream parties’ positional shifts. The disappearance of a core party that dominates the coalition-formation process initially transformed the direction of party competition from centripetal to centrifugal. However, since 2012 a theoretically novel configuration has emerged in which no party or coherent group of parties dominates competition.

Coalition Governance in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Bäck Hanna ◽  
Hellström Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Western European

This chapter describes the ambitions of the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government’s ‘life’, beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.

scholarly journals The Radical Right as Niche Parties? The Ideological Landscape of Party Systems in Western Europe, 1980–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 84-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wagner ◽  
Thomas M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Niche Parties ◽  
Radical Right Parties ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The emergence of the radical right as a strong competitor to mainstream parties has fundamentally reshaped patterns of competition in many European party systems. In this article, we systematically explore changes to the ideological landscape in Western Europe by examining whether there has been programmatic mainstreaming of radical right parties due to (a) accommodation to and (b) moderation by radical right parties. We examine positions and salience on liberal-authoritarianism and the salience of economic issues using manifesto data from 68 parties in 17 countries. Our findings provide empirical support for a rightward shift in European party systems: on liberal-authoritarianism, mainstream left and right parties have increased their emphasis and moved to the right. Yet radical right parties have generally remained niche competitors; they are increasingly extreme and more focused on liberal-authoritarianism. Our analysis has important implications for understanding party systems, party competition and citizen representation in Europe.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Theory of Discussant Influence on Vote Choice in Multiparty Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck ◽  
Julia Partheymüller
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Consideration Sets ◽  
Multiparty Systems ◽  
Social Network Influence ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses two aspects of social network influence on voters’ electoral choices that are not well understood: the role of party systems as institutional contexts and the relationship between social pressure and information sharing as mechanisms of influence. It argues that in the cleavage-based multiparty systems of Western Europe, discussant influence at elections occurs in two stages. First, discussants place social pressure on voters to opt for parties from the same ideological camp. Secondly, by providing information, discussants influence which parties voters eventually choose out of these restricted ‘consideration sets’. The study tests these assumptions using a panel survey conducted at the 2009 German federal election. The first proposition is clearly confirmed, and the evidence supports the second proposition, although less unequivocally.

scholarly journals Voxel-wise and spatial modelling of binary lesion masks: A review and comparison of methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petya Kindalova ◽  
Ioannis Kosmidis ◽  
Thomas E. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lesion Mapping ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractObjectivesWhite matter lesions are a very common finding on MRI in older adults and their presence increases the risk of stroke and dementia. Accurate and computationally efficient modelling methods are necessary to map the association of lesion incidence with risk factors, such as hypertension. However, there is no consensus in the brain mapping literature whether a voxel-wise modelling approach is better for binary lesion data than a more computationally intensive spatial modelling approach that accounts for voxel dependence.MethodsWe review three regression approaches for modelling binary lesion masks including massunivariate probit regression modelling with either maximum likelihood estimates, or mean bias-reduced estimates, and spatial Bayesian modelling, where the regression coefficients have a conditional autoregressive model prior to account for local spatial dependence. We design a novel simulation framework of artificial lesion maps to compare the three alternative lesion mapping methods. The age effect on lesion probability estimated from a reference data set (13,680 individuals from the UK Biobank) is used to simulate a realistic voxel-wise distribution of lesions across age. To mimic the real features of lesion masks, we suggest matching brain lesion summaries (total lesion volume, average lesion size and lesion count) across the reference data set and the simulated data sets. Thus, we allow for a fair comparison between the modelling approaches, under a realistic simulation setting.ResultsOur findings suggest that bias-reduced estimates for voxel-wise binary-response generalized linear models (GLMs) overcome the drawbacks of infinite and biased maximum likelihood estimates and scale well for large data sets because voxel-wise estimation can be performed in parallel across voxels. Contrary to the assumption of spatial dependence being key in lesion mapping, our results show that voxel-wise bias-reduction and spatial modelling result in largely similar estimates.ConclusionBias-reduced estimates for voxel-wise GLMs are not only accurate but also computationally efficient, which will become increasingly important as more biobank-scale neuroimaging data sets become available.

scholarly journals Conflitti urbani nei percorsi di cittadinanza degli immigrati. Una introduzione

2013 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Tommaso Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Action Taking ◽  
Normative Constraints

Immigration is a main political topic. In Western Europe social conflicts, party systems and political parties have been restructured around an emerging cleavage between integration and demarcation. At the urban level, conflict among immigrant groups and native ones and contention between immigrants and the local authorities are major political dynamics. Main literature has explained why do we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations, but not in others; and what accounts for change in immigrant conflict within locales over time. Not a lot has been written about the outcomes of these conflicts and their impact on citizenship. An emerging literature is measuring important effects in terms of political inclusion, but other effects on civic and social citizenships remain partially unexplored. Empirical researches collected for this special issue stress the dimension of agency of immigrant contentious politics, and show the heuristic value of new approaches in the theory of action, taking into account recognition as well as institutional and normative constraints.

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