The Impact of Gender and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Dentists' Practice Patterns, Employment Status, and Workforce Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (S2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Margaret Langelier ◽  
Jean Moore ◽  
Simona Surdu
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The resiliency of employees with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and economic shutdown: A retrospective review of employment files

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Carol Schall ◽  
Valerie Brooke ◽  
Rachael Rounds ◽  
April Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Food Service ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disability ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: While the health and economic impact of COVID-19 is becoming better known among the general population, little is known about the impact of the pandemic and recession on employees with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession on individuals with IDD. METHODS: The present paper described the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and recession on the employment status, hours worked, and hourly wage of 156 individuals with IDD who work in competitive integrated employment for February to July 2020. These findings are compared with a similar group receiving services from the same agency in February to July 2019. RESULTS: Findings indicate that these employees were not able to work from home and experienced furlough or lay off instead. Further, the number of hours worked monthly was also significantly affected. Wages were not affected by the pandemic and recession. Employees in some industries, notably health care and distribution and supplies, were less affected than employees in other industries like food service, retail, and entertainment. Finally, and surprisingly, black, indigenous, and other people of color worked more hours monthly than their white peers in both 2019 and 2020. CONCLUSION: Implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals POS0530 HOW DOES MULTIMORBIDITY IMPACT ON THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 498.3-499
Author(s):  
P. H. Hsieh ◽  
C. Geue ◽  
O. Wu ◽  
E. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
The Impact

Background:Comorbidities are prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and associated with worse outcomes as well as higher economic burden. Little is known about the impact of multimorbidity on the direct and indirect costs of RA. Evidence of the incremental scale of these multimorbidity costs will usefully inform RA interventions and policies.Objectives:The aim of this study was to describe how multimorbidity impacts on the cost-of-illness, including direct and indirect costs, in patients with RA.Methods:The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) is a registry of patients newly presenting with RA since 2011. It contains data on patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life, and employment status data. These data were linked to routinely recorded hospital admissions and primary care prescribing data. Direct costs were estimated by applying relevant unit costs to healthcare resource use quantities. Indirect cost estimates were obtained from information on employment status and hospital admissions, valued by age and sex specific wages. Two-part models (probit followed by generalized linear model) were used to estimate direct and indirect costs, adjusting for age, gender, and functional disability. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score was calculated using patient ICD-10 diagnoses from hospital records. The number of comorbidities was categorized into “RA alone”, “single comorbidity” and “multimorbidity (>1 comorbidity)”.Results:Data were available for 1,150 patients, 65.7% were female and a mean age of 57.5±14 years. The majority of patients only had RA (54.1%), followed by a single comorbidity (23.4%) and multimorbidity (22.5%). Annual total costs were significantly higher for patients with multimorbidity (£6,669 95% CI £4,871-£8,466; OR 11.3 95% CI 8.14-15.87) and for patients with a single comorbidity (£2,075 95% CI £1,559-£2,591; OR 3.52 95% CI 2.61-4.79), when compared with RA alone (£590). The excess costs were mainly driven by direct costs (£6,281 versus £1,875 versus £556). Although the difference in indirect costs between patients with multimorbidity and a single comorbidity were not statistically significant (£1,218 versus £914, p=0.11), patients with multimorbidity were associated with significantly higher costs than those with RA only (£594, p<0.01).Conclusion:The presence of comorbidity contributes significant excess to both direct and indirect costs among RA patients. In particular, patients with multimorbidity incurred substantially higher direct costs than those with a single comorbidity or RA only.Acknowledgements:The study analysed the data from the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) study with a linkage to routinely recorded health data from Information Service Division, National Service Scotland. We would like to thank all the patients, clinical and nursing colleagues who have contributed their time and support to the study, the SERA steering committee for the approval, and Allen Tervit from the Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow for the timely technical supports.Disclosure of Interests:Ping-Hsuan Hsieh: None declared, Claudia Geue: None declared, Olivia Wu Consultant of: OW has received consultancy fees from Bayer, Lupin and Takeda outside the submitted work., Emma McIntosh: None declared

scholarly journals Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Ekenga ◽  
Eunsun Kwon ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
Sojung Park
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.58). Among 6–10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (−2.4 h, 95% CI: −4.4–−0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.

scholarly journals High food insecurity in Latinx families and associated COVID-19 infection in the Greater Bay Area, California

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagro Escobar ◽  
Andrea DeCastro Mendez ◽  
Maria Romero Encinas ◽  
Sofia Villagomez ◽  
Janet M. Wojcicki
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Household Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Food insecurity impacts nearly one-in-four Latinx households in the United States and has been exacerbated by the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We examined the impact of COVID-19 on household and child food security in three preexisting, longitudinal, Latinx urban cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 375 households, 1875 individuals). Households were initially recruited during pregnancy and postpartum at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) and UCSF Benioff prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. For this COVID-19 sub-study, participants responded to a 15-min telephonic interview. Participants answered 18 questions from the US Food Security Food Module (US HFSSM) and questions on types of food consumption, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19 infection as per community or hospital-based testing. Food security and insecurity levels were compared with prior year metrics. Results We found low levels of household food security in Latinx families (by cohort: 29.2%; 34.2%; 60.0%) and child food security (56.9%, 54.1%, 78.0%) with differences between cohorts explained by self-reported levels of education and employment status. Food security levels were much lower than those reported previously in two cohorts where data had been recorded from prior years. Reported history of COVID-19 infection in households was 4.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1.5–14.3%); 7.2% (95%CI, 3.6–13.9%) and 3.5% (95%CI, 1.7–7.2%) by cohort and was associated with food insecurity in the two larger cohorts (p = 0.03; p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Latinx families in the Bay Area with children are experiencing a sharp rise in food insecurity levels during the COVID-19 epidemic. Food insecurity, similar to other indices of poverty, is associated with increased risk for COVID-19 infection. Comprehensive interventions are needed to address food insecurity in Latinx populations and further studies are needed to better assess independent associations between household food insecurity, poor nutritional health and risk of COVID-19 infection.

Otolaryngology practice patterns in pediatric tonsillectomy: The impact of the codeine boxed warning

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Goldman ◽  
Craig Ziegler ◽  
Elizabeth M. Burckardt
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Boxed Warning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Educating Physicians-in-Training About Resource Utilization and Their Own Outcomes of Care in the Inpatient Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jessica Dine ◽  
Jean Miller ◽  
Alexander Fuld ◽  
Lisa M. Bellini ◽  
Theodore J. Iwashyna
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Outcomes Of Care ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite significant policy concerns about the role of inpatient resource utilization on rising medical costs, little information is provided to residents regarding their practice patterns and the effect on resource use. Improved knowledge about their practice patterns and costs might reduce resource utilization and better prepare physicians for today's health care market. Methods We surveyed residents in the internal medicine residency at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Based on needs identified via the survey, discussions with experts, and a literature review, a curriculum was created to help increase residents' knowledge about benchmarking their own practice patterns and using objective performance measures in the health care market. Results The response rate to our survey was 67%. Only 37% of residents reported receiving any feedback on their utilization of resources, and only 20% reported receiving feedback regularly. Even fewer (16%) developed, with their attending physician, a concrete improvement plan for resource use. A feedback program was developed that included automatic review of the electronic medical record to provide trainee-specific feedback on resource utilization and outcomes of care including number of laboratory tests per patient day, laboratory cost per patient day, computed tomography scan ordering rate, length of stay, and 14-day readmission rate. Results were benchmarked against those of peers on the same service. Objective feedback was provided biweekly by the attending physician, who also created an action plan with the residents. In addition, an integrated didactic curriculum was provided to all trainees on the hospitalist service on a biweekly basis. Conclusions Interns and residents do not routinely receive feedback on their resource utilization or ways to improve efficiency. A method for providing objective data on individual resource utilization in combination with a structured curriculum can be implemented to help improve resident knowledge and practice. Ongoing work will test the impact on resource utilization and outcomes.

scholarly journals Employment Status and Educational Achievements in Universities: Evidence from Southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Obed I. Ojonta ◽  
Jonathan E. Ogbuabor ◽  
Peace N. Ojonta ◽  
Anthony Orji ◽  
Onyinye I. Anthony-Orji
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
University System ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Educational achievement has remained the common yardstick for assessing human capital development across the world. However, it has been observed that Nigeria is one of the developing countries facing the challenge of low level of academic achievement by employees in the university system, which in turn has grave implications for the overall performance of the Nigerian university system in terms of efficient work delivery. Methods: This study adopts a robust and stratified sampling technique to select 4,122 employees in selected federal universities in the southeast of Nigeria and uses structural questionnaire and binary logistic regression to analyse the effect of employment status on academic achievement in South East Nigeria. Results: The findings show that employment status negatively and significantly influences the academic achievement of employees in Nigerian universities. Discussion: The major focus of this study is to examine the impact of employment status on educational achievement in the universities for southeast, Nigeria. To drive more effective and efficient service delivery in the universities, there is need for adequate salary enhancement for employees in order to motivate them to strive for higher educational attainments. Limitations: The study was carried out in federal universities in Nigeria. It is expected to expand the study to cut across both private, states in Nigeria for effective and efficient comparison among the universities found in southeast geopolitical zones. Conclusion: The study concludes that government should continuously motivate these employees so that they can strive for higher educational attainments.

scholarly journals Relationship between housing insecurity, diabetes processes of care, and self-care behaviors

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Mosley-Johnson ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Madhuli Thakkar ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
Laura Hawks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processes Of Care ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The aim of this analysis was to examine the influence of housing insecurity on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors and determine if that relationship varied by employment status or race/ethnicity. Methods Using nationally representative data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2015), 16,091 individuals were analyzed for the cross-sectional study. Housing insecurity was defined as how often respondents reported being worried or stressed about having enough money to pay rent/mortgage. Following unadjusted logistic models testing interactions between housing insecurity and either employment or race/ethnicity on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors, stratified models were adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, health insurance status, and comorbidity count. Results 38.1% of adults with diabetes reported housing insecurity. Those reporting housing insecurity who were employed were less likely to have a physicians visit (0.58, 95%CI 0.37,0.92), A1c check (0.45, 95%CI 0.26,0.78), and eye exam (0.61, 95%CI 0.44,0.83), while unemployed individuals were less likely to have a flu vaccine (0.84, 95%CI 0.70,0.99). Housing insecure White adults were less likely to receive an eye exam (0.67, 95%CI 0.54,0.83), flu vaccine (0.84, 95%CI 0.71,0.99) or engage in physical activity (0.82, 95%CI 0.69,0.96), while housing insecure Non-Hispanic Black adults were less likely to have a physicians visit (0.56, 95%CI 0.32,0.99). Conclusions Housing insecurity had an influence on diabetes processes of care and self-care behaviors, and this relationship varied by employment status and race/ethnicity. Diabetes interventions should incorporate discussion surrounding housing insecurity and consider differences in the impact by demographic factors on diabetes care.

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