Opportunities for plant‐derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review

Calcium binding peptides from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) bone have attracted attention due to their potential effects on bone health. In this study, calcium binding peptides (CBP) were prepared from Pacific cod bone by trypsin and neutral protease. Ultraviolet spectra, circular dichroism (CD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that carboxyl and amino groups in CBP could bind to Ca2+, and form the peptide-calcium complex (CBP-Ca). Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) experiments indicated that the intestinal calcium absorption was significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) in CBP-Ca treated Wistar rats. The anti-osteoporosis activity of CBP-Ca was investigated in the ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rat model. The administration of CBP-Ca significantly (p < 0.01) improved the calcium bioavailability, trabecular bone structure, bone biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, and bone mineralization degree. CBP-Ca notably (p < 0.01) increased serum calcium, however, it remarkably (p < 0.01) reduced the levels of osteocalcin (OCN), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) in serum. Results suggested that the cod bone derived CBP could bind with calcium, improve the intestinal calcium absorption, calcium bioavailability, and serum calcium, then reduce the bone turnover rate, and thus ameliorate osteoporosis.

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Calcium Bioavailability Using a Rat Model

Trace Elements in Laboratory Rodents ◽

10.1201/9781003069355-26 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 301-323

Author(s):

Margaret Ann Bock ◽

Connie Weaver

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Calcium Bioavailability

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Calcium Bioavailability and Its Relation to Osteoporosis

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.3181/00379727-200-43409 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 200 (2) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. M. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Calcium Bioavailability

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Potential for Improving Health: Calcium Bioavailability in Milk and Dairy Products

Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products ◽

10.1002/9780813821504.ch16 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 363-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu ◽

Patrick M. Kgwatalala ◽

Xin Zhao

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Calcium Bioavailability ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

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Calcium Bioavailability in Relation to Bone Health

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.13 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽

Birgit Teucher

Keyword(s):

Bone Health ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Whole Body ◽

Calcium Balance ◽

Calcium Bioavailability

A well established stable isotope technique exists for measuring calcium absorption from single foods and meals, but the long term effects of calcium on bone health cannot be assessed from acute bioavailability studies. Bone health depends primarily on the degree of mineralization, measured as bone mineral density (BMD), and phenotypic variations depend on genetic and environmental factors including calcium supply. Since almost all retained calcium is used for bone mineralization and remodeling, BMD can be used as a long-term (> six months) marker of dietary calcium bioavailability. However, BMD is a very insensitive marker of calcium bioavailability, so its use in dietary intervention studies is restricted to periods of significant bone growth or loss. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism may be used to predict the overall bioavailability of dietary calcium over a shorter time period (> four weeks), but they have a high coefficient of variation, so may not be appropriate for some dietary intervention studies. A group of European laboratories is currently developing an alternative approach using a long-lived radioisotope (41Ca) to label bone calcium and to directly measure the rate of calcium loss from urinary excretion data. The efficiency of calcium absorption is inversely related to intake; whole body balance of the mineral is dependent on rates of absorption and excretion and limited by calcium-binding substances in the gut. Dietary data and indirect measures of bone health indicate that bioavailability is important when habitual intakes are low, especially during periods of bone growth or loss. Further research is required to quantify the effects of major dietary modulators of calcium balance on bone health and to understand their relationship with genetic and physiological variables.

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