Functional bread enreached with regional bioactive food additives

The scientific work presents materials of theoretical and experimental substantiation of the use of regional bioactive food additives, namely wild plants of the legume family (Fabaceae), permitted for use in the food industry: sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), red meadow clover (Trifolium pratense), white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) in the production of functional foods [1]. Experimental studies of the safety indicators of food wild-growing plants (FWP) have been carried out. It was found that the studied FWP growing in ecologically clean areas of the North Ossetia-Alania are distinguished by a low mass fraction of toxic substances. Two fractions of cellulose were investigated: 1 - water-soluble (pectic acid, pectin, methylcellulose); 2 - water-insoluble (protopectin, cellulose, hemicellulose). The increased content of dietary fiber in WGP powders has been established, corresponding to the physiological norms of satisfying the daily requirement for FWP and, in this regard, indicating the expediency of using functional food in formulations for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerosis. The sorption capacity of WGP powders with respect to lead has been investigated. All studied powders of WGP modification products are characterized by high sorption capacity. The technologies of flour products with the addition of FWP powders have been developed. The results of clinical and preclinical studies of the developed functional bread show a corrective effect of glycemic blood parameters, as well as a decrease in the lead content in the blood of fed laboratory rat pups by almost two times, compared with the control.

Potential Functional Food Ingredients in Bread and their Health Benefits

In pace with the growing consumer health awareness and technological advances, functional foods incorporated with active ingredients are generating significant attention from researchers and consumers alike. Functional foods enriched with active ingredients provide additional health benefits beyond basic nutritional requirements. Bread has lately been used as a vehicle in the formulation of varying products. For instance, bread containing omega-3 fatty acids, whole grains bread, dietary fiber bread containing inulin, and beta-glucan. The production of functional bread has become a trend. Therefore, this review focused on health properties and potential functional food ingredients such as natural antioxidants in bread.

Bread preparation by partial replacement of wheat by germinated sorghum

Published literature shows significant impact of sorghum type and flour on end-product quality, while demonstrating paucity in the studied varieties with respect to processing aspects (such as bread making) despite of enormous accessions available worldwide. Limited studies have reported usage of germinated flour for the above said purpose. The present study thus aimed at mitigating these gaps by utilizing results of sorghum (HJ-513) germination (Day 1-5) and flour derived from optimized condition (Day 3 as identified by partial least square analysis) to develop a composite functional bread (partial replacement of wheat). The germination process enhanced the total phenolics compounds (TPC, till day 3), water (14.01%) and oil absorption capacity (25.97%) while reducing the bulk density (760.99-644.69 kg/m3). This demonstrated increased potential of sorghum flour for development of bakery and confectionery products. The process also affected the pasting properties, total flavonoids compounds (TFC) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) significantly (p < 0.05). The bread developed from partial replacement (10% and 20%) of refined wheat flour by sorghum was hard and darker than the control wheat bread. The bread developed at 20% was more dense and porous than the bread developed with 10% replacement. Specific volume of bread at 10% replacement was found higher than at 20% replacement. The study reports effective utilization of germinated sorghum flour for development of composite-functional bread without incorporation of any other additives/improvers. Future research however is warranted in the field to further increase the replacement of wheat flour by germinated sorghum flour to develop gluten free bread.

Development of a functional bread technology based on a grain baking mixture

One of the priority areas for developing the food industry is to increase the production of functional food products. When developing the latter, fruit and berry processing products, grain baking mixes are used. At the same time, there are no baking mixes with the use of bioactivated wheat, characterized by an increased content of macro- and micronutrients, antioxidants, and a reduced amount of phytin. However, the preparation of grain bread based on a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintegration wave method with a moisture content of 10.0 ± 0.5 % led to the production of products with a sticky, strongly jamming crumb. The aim of the research was to develop a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat and functional grain bread of improved quality based on it. At the first stage of the research, the composition of the baking mixture based on bioactivated wheat grain was selected to obtain the best quality product, at the second stage, the chemical composition of bread was evaluated based on the developed baking mixture. The change in the properties of the dough during fermentation, the quality indicators of bread after 20 hours of storage and its chemical composition were evaluated in accordance with the methods specified in the current standards. The best properties of the dough and the quality of the bread have been observed in a sample obtained on the basis of a baking mixture, in 100 g of which 75 % of the grain products are dry bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintergation-wave method, and 25 % - baking wheat flour of the first grade. As a result of the assessment of the chemical composition of the developed product, it has been found that it belongs to functional food products. The preparation of grain bread using this technology will also allow us to solve one of the tasks of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition aimed at increasing the production of functional products.

THE FORMATION OF THE RANGE CONCEPT THE FUNCTIONAL BREAD OF MASS RANGE

Determination of the directions of formation of the contemporary level of quality and assortment concept of the species diversity of functional bread of mass assortment with the use of wild berry plants Ericaceae for health improving nutrition. The materials were questionnaires of a survey of potential consumers of functional bread of the city of Krasnoyarsk, wild berry plants of the Heather family (Ericaceae): fruits of cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), of blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and powders from them. The method of isolation of the average sample according to GOST 24.027.0-80 was used in the work. The content of toxic elements in berries was determined according to GOST 26927-86, GOST 26930-86, GOST 30178-96 using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma-iCAP 6500. Generally accepted theoretical and statistical research methods, combinatorial analysis, and data processing using standard mathematical programs were used in the work. Study of the consumer survey, literature data of the chemical composition of berries of wild plants Ericaceae, data on the possibility of procurement of raw materials on the territory of Krasnoyarsk region, investigation of safety performance of the raw material and powders out of him for compliance with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011 and 027/2012 indicate the possibility of their use in the composition of functional bread as a source of biologically active compounds with a variety of positive physiological properties. The multivariance of the development of the range of functional types of bread with additives from Ericaceae berries is confirmed by the data of combinatorial analysis. As a result, an assortment concept of the species diversity of functional bread of a mass assortment of contemporary quality with additives from wild berry plants Ericaceae for improving nutrition was formed. Researches is promising in the formation of the range and actual quality of functional types of bread of mass assortment using local wild-growing raw materials, the advantage of which is naturalness, the content of functional ingredients, and contribute to the development of the range and technologies of healthy food products.