scholarly journals What online searches tell us about public interest and potential impact on behaviour in response to Minimum Unit Pricing of alcohol in Scotland

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Leon ◽  
Elad Yom‐Tov ◽  
Anne M. Johnson ◽  
Mark Petticrew ◽  
Elizabeth Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Unit Pricing

scholarly journals You Can’t See What You Can’t See: Experimental Evidence for How Much Relevant Information May Be Missed Due to Google’s Web Search Personalisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lai ◽  
Markus Luczak-Roesch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Web Search Engine ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Web Research

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The influence of Web search personalisation on professional knowledge work is an understudied area. Here we investigate how public sector officials self-assess their dependency on the Google Web search engine, whether they are aware of the potential impact of algorithmic biases on their ability to retrieve all relevant information, and how much relevant information may actually be missed due to Web search personalisation. We find that the majority of participants in our experimental study are neither aware that there is a potential problem nor do they have a strategy to mitigate the risk of missing relevant information when performing online searches. Most significantly, we provide empirical evidence that up to$$20\%$$ of relevant information may be missed due to Web search personalisation. This work has significant implications for Web research by public sector professionals, who should be provided with training about the potential algorithmic biases that may affect their judgments and decision making, as well as clear guidelines how to minimise the risk of missing relevant information.

Public Interest in Merger Control: The Lay of the Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-226
Author(s):  
Jenn Mellott ◽  
Ruzica Ciric
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Control Regime

In recent years, regulators and politicians have raised questions about whether merger control is “fit for purpose” in the modern economy, and in particular about whether the consumer welfare standard remains the appropriate lens through which to assess transactions, or whether merger control should consider the potential impact of a transaction on broader public interest (PI) objectives, such as employment, the environment, data privacy, national security, or industrial or trade policy. Many merger control regimes globally already include a public interest component, and in thinking about whether it would be reasonable or appropriate to add or strengthen the PI component of a merger control regime, it may be helpful to look at regimes that already include a PI component to consider the ways in which this may be structured and whether these standards are likely to be successful in achieving PI aims. This piece surveys the existing merger control regimes with a PI component to identify lessons that may be useful for jurisdictions considering whether and how to expand a merger control regime to include PI.

scholarly journals Heavy Drinkers and the Potential Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing—No Single or Simple Effect?

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gill ◽  
H Black ◽  
R Rush ◽  
F O’May ◽  
J Chick
Keyword(s):  
Simple Effect ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Unit Pricing

scholarly journals You Can’t See What You Can’t See: Experimental Evidence for How Much Relevant Information May Be Missed Due to Google’s Web Search Personalisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lai ◽  
Markus Luczak-Roesch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Web Search Engine ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Web Research

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The influence of Web search personalisation on professional knowledge work is an understudied area. Here we investigate how public sector officials self-assess their dependency on the Google Web search engine, whether they are aware of the potential impact of algorithmic biases on their ability to retrieve all relevant information, and how much relevant information may actually be missed due to Web search personalisation. We find that the majority of participants in our experimental study are neither aware that there is a potential problem nor do they have a strategy to mitigate the risk of missing relevant information when performing online searches. Most significantly, we provide empirical evidence that up to$$20\%$$ of relevant information may be missed due to Web search personalisation. This work has significant implications for Web research by public sector professionals, who should be provided with training about the potential algorithmic biases that may affect their judgments and decision making, as well as clear guidelines how to minimise the risk of missing relevant information.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol in Ireland: Evidence from the National Alcohol Diary Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gráinne Cousins ◽  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Joe Barry ◽  
Bobby Smyth ◽  
Marion Rackard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Impact ◽  
Unit Pricing

scholarly journals Mapping the Biobank Landscape in Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Olga Tzortzatou ◽  
Anastasia Siapka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Data Collections

AbstractThe biobank landscape in Greece is mainly defined by tissue and data collections created in the course of clinical practice whose samples are subsequently repurposed for research. Given that there is no specific Greek biobank law, these collections have been so far governed through provisions drawn from the domestic civil and constitutional legal armamentarium concerning (biomedical) research as well as soft and hard EU and international laws. This chapter provides an empirical overview of the biobank landscape in Greece, describing existing biobanks and tissue collections potentially used for research in a non-exhaustive manner. Next, it explores how the Greek Law on the Protection of Personal Data envisages individuals’ rights in the context of biobanking research and how these rights are weighted against the public interest. Finally, it evaluates the potential impact of the GDPR on biobanking in Greece.

scholarly journals Potential impact of minimum unit pricing on advertised alcoholic beverage prices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Noel
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Unit Pricing ◽  
Alcohol Prices

The current study sought to determine the potential effect of a minimum unit price policy on advertised prices for alcoholic beverages at an off-premise outlet. A free, weekly circular was monitored for advertised alcohol prices from July 2017 to June 2018. For each advertised price, the number of standard drinks per purchase, the price per standard drink, and the frequency of prices that would increase under a MUP policy similar to Scotland’s was determined. There was an inverse correlation between the number of standard drinks per purchase and the advertised price per standard drink for beer/malt beverages (r = -0.76, p < 0.001) and wine (r = -0.42, p < 0.001), which would be eliminated under MUP. Under MUP, 59.8% of advertised prices for beer/malt beverages would increase. Implementation of MUP may significantly impact beer and malt beverage prices in the off-premise location monitored in the study.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

Exploring the Potential Impact of Sentence-Level Comprehension and Sentence-Level Fluency on Deaf Students' Passage Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2281-2292
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Xinchun Wu ◽  
Hongjun Chen ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Ruibo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This exploratory study aimed to investigate the potential impact of sentence-level comprehension and sentence-level fluency on passage comprehension of deaf students in elementary school. Method A total of 159 deaf students, 65 students ( M age = 13.46 years) in Grades 3 and 4 and 94 students ( M age = 14.95 years) in Grades 5 and 6, were assessed for nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary knowledge, sentence-level comprehension, sentence-level fluency, and passage comprehension. Group differences were examined using t tests, whereas the predictive and mediating mechanisms were examined using regression modeling. Results The regression analyses showed that the effect of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension was not significant, whereas sentence-level fluency was an independent predictor in Grades 3–4. Sentence-level comprehension and fluency contributed significant variance to passage comprehension in Grades 5–6. Sentence-level fluency fully mediated the influence of sentence-level comprehension on passage comprehension in Grades 3–4, playing a partial mediating role in Grades 5–6. Conclusions The relative contributions of sentence-level comprehension and fluency to deaf students' passage comprehension varied, and sentence-level fluency mediated the relationship between sentence-level comprehension and passage comprehension.

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