Many Voices, One Ambition: Local Government, Post‐War Reconstruction and Northern Development in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-595
Author(s):  
Patrick White
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Post War

scholarly journals Between the Regulatory State and the Networked Polity: Central-Local Government Relations in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Granberg ◽  
Mikael Granberg ◽  
Stig Montin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Central State ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Post War

Governance research has become strikingly multifaceted in terms of theory, methods and empirical focus. More attention has been given to the spatial and scalar dimensions, and research are becoming more context-sensitive and process-oriented. Drawing upon on results from several research projects and programmes conducted by the authors and some other researchers this article offers an analysis of the development of Swedish central-local government relations since the 1990s. Analysing the constitutional, financial and multi-scalar/multilevel changes of these relations since the end of the Millenium, the strong neoliberal imprint upon ideology and practices is highlighted, showing how de-regulation gradually intermingled with re-regulation, combining market-driven, public welfare provision with measurement, evaluation and control. The article also bring to the fore sustainability, climate change and immigration as local policy fields characterized by horizontal capacity-building involving municipalities, private companies and civil society. Gradually municipal and regional government came under pressure by contextual challenges such as an elderly population, increasing number of school children and integration of immigrants. Related to this central state regulations and obligations multiplied and complicated local policy-making. As a broader discursive framework of the study the analysis is related to Antonino Palumbo’s (2015) exploration of post-war policy development in Europe in the light of two contesting, but complementary, ‘research programmes’, the Regulatory State and the Networked Polity. Finally, the article bring attention to the huge pandemic challenge facing humanity and governance at all levels beginning in spring 2020. What role municipalities will find in this critical juncture remains to be seen.

11. Federal and local government institutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Post War ◽  
Modern Nation State

This chapter focuses on federal and local government institutions. More specifically, it considers the ways in which territorial governance has been understood and implemented within the nation-state model. The territorial organization of nation-states may be either federal or unitary, although each of these categories may be further categorized as being either more or less decentralized. The welfare states of the post-war period represent the culmination of the nation-state-building process and placed emphasis on central control over sub-national levels of government. The chapter begins with a discussion of the modern nation-state and territorial governance, citing the rise of nationalism in unitary states and federal states. It then considers territorial governance in welfare states, along with the classical distinction between federal and unitary states. It also examines trends towards regionalization and decentralization in unitary states before concluding with an assessment of local government and local autonomy.

scholarly journals Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Population Size ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Military History ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Post War ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Political Economic

In agreement with Nested City theory, this paper illustrates how Japan's municipal hierarchy has evolved and remained embedded within that nation's particular historical-political-economic context. It chronicles how municipalities have attained status based upon the role they have played in the country's political, economic, and military history, and, more recently, their population size. It then shows how during the post-war period, the tiers within this urban stratification system were expanded and institutionalized by national laws governing municipalities. Drawing upon more than 100 interviews with local government officials in nine prefectures, it then reveals how a shift in national policy toward decentralization in the late-1990s sparked a race for higher municipal status in Japan's national hierarchy, during the 2000s, and thereby, local power.

Post-War Municipal Elections in Great Britain

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
William A. Robson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Repair Service ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
The Arts ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Post War

The interest and significance of the postwar municipal elections held in Britain can best be appreciated if they are seen against wartime conditions on the one hand and the reconstruction tasks which confront local authorities on the other.In England, as elsewhere, local government was designed to promote the arts of peace. But for six years during World War II it was asked to shoulder burdens of the most formidable kind directly connected with the war effort. The decision to make local authorities responsible, under the guidance of the Ministry of Home Security and its regional commissioners, for the complex of functions comprised under civil defense was a momentous one. Never before in Britain or any other country had local authorities been asked to undertake a task of such magnitude and importance as that of providing air-raid shelters, wardens and fire-guard posts in almost every street, gas decontamination centers, light and heavy rescue squads, evacuation schemes, emergency feeding and reception centers for those rendered homeless by enemy air attack, furniture stores, rest homes, a first-aid repair service for houses, and various other items of this kind.The Ministry of Food placed heavy duties on both local-government officers and councilors in connection with food control and rationing; and local authorities provided cheap restaurants and canteens on a large scale. The Ministry of Fuel and Power drew largely on the resources of municipal administration in appointing local fuel overseers and their staffs for regulating the distribution and consumption of solid and liquid fuel.

scholarly journals Women’s Tenure Rights and Land Reform in Angola

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Cain
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
Post War ◽  
Housing Assets

Current Angolan municipalisation reforms present a unique opportunity to affect local practice on how community and individual land-holder tenure is administered and to protect women's equitable rights to land. Angola is a post-war country, with weak land tenure legislation and limited local government management capacity. Customary traditions are practiced in the various regions a of the country do not respect women’s rights of ownership and inheritance. More than 62 percent of the population live in informal settlements with insecure land tenure under the threat of forced evictions. Families living in poor communities affected by the expansion of cities and towns are particularly vulnerable. Of these, families lead by women are the most at risk. Securing rights to land and housing assets are important to livelihoods of women headed households by permitting access to financing that they require to grow their enterprises as well as for incrementally upgrading their housing.

scholarly journals Cain (2019) Women’s Tenure Rights and Land Reform in Angola.pdf

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Cain
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
Post War ◽  
Housing Assets

Current Angolan municipalisation reforms present a unique opportunity to affect local practice on how community and individual land-holder tenure is administered and to protect women's equitable rights to land. Angola is a post-war country, with weak land tenure legislation and limited local government management capacity. Customary traditions are practiced in the various regions a of the country do not respect women’s rights of ownership and inheritance. More than 62 percent of the population live in informal settlements with insecure land tenure under the threat of forced evictions. Families living in poor communities affected by the expansion of cities and towns are particularly vulnerable. Of these, families lead by women are the most at risk. Securing rights to land and housing assets are important to livelihoods of women headed households by permitting access to financing that they require to grow their enterprises as well as for incrementally upgrading their housing.

scholarly journals ‘From Our Side Rules Are Followed’: Authorizing bureaucracy in Nepal's ‘permanent transition’

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH BYRNE
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War

AbstractThis article explores how local civil servants produce the conditions of possibility for bureaucratic authority in Nepal's contested political environment of war and post-war ‘transition’. Specifically, it examines the everyday practices of local civil servants as they attempt to influence the distribution of such public resources as agricultural inputs and local government budgets. The article asks: how do local civil servants produce the authority necessary to get things done in the face of changing local government structuresandrival authority claims frombothwartime Maoist People's Governments and resurgent patronage politics in the post-war period? In a context characterized as ‘ordinary extraordinary’, the article suggests that local civil servants employ a form of practice that has been termed ‘tactical government’ and proposes three distinct forms of this practice. However, the article also argues that tactical practice tells only part of the story and that it can be insightful to enrich our understanding of tactical government with an analysis of more general life projects. Bureaucratic practices are also motivated by factors such as the significance of the contested resource and paternal ideas of ‘the common good’. Such a suggestion is in line with recent work on everyday lives in situations of protracted violent conflict and insecurity, and on the role of culture in producing civil servants/services. Looking at these two forms of practice together, in particular their interconnections, gives us a fuller account of how authority is produced. Furthermore, it allows more nuanced and detailed perspectives into the complex process of state-making.

scholarly journals The role of localism in the development of regional structures in post-war Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko ◽  
Pekka Valkama
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Post War ◽  
Developed World

A perceived need for a wider resource base for territorial governance has initiated a new trend for regionalisation throughout the developed world. Local governments are frequently opposed to such a development. This article presents an institutional analysis of how Finland’s tradition of strong localism has affected the forms, processes, and results of regionalisation. We argue that path dependence in the form of localist influence from the mid-1990s until the mid-2010s led to an incremental development of regional structures. However, circumstances changed in 2015 due to a historical decision by the centre-right government to establish a new tier of elected regional government. This was due to the diminished credibility of localism given the realities of contextual pressures and the government’s attempts to improve efficiency and competitiveness. Eventually, this turn will radically undermine the role of local government as a stronghold of representative localism.

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