Selected financial indicators as a tool for optimizing local government units management

Finances of each organization are the basic security of its existence and the main indicator of its profitability. In local government units public finances, despite many similarities, are governed by different rules than economic entities, if only because local governments have systemically guaranteed income in the form of state grants and subsidies. New and modern methods of financial management appear in self-government financial management. We can notice it both in the scope of sources of investment financing and the scope of information and data justifying or negating financial decisions and, consequently, local government management. Financial indicators as tools supporting the decision-making process of governing bodies are an important factor in decision-making, including the implementation of public tasks, satisfaction of social needs and expectations. Thanks to indicators local governments have analytical information, useful in the process of management taking into account social expectations comparable to other units. The indicators show where a given self-government unit is in relation to its competitors, allow for a comparable evaluation of the achievable results and for a social evaluation covering the expectations and needs of the community's inhabitants. It should be noted that the indicators are the effect of using data, which are very abundant on the local government and business market. We often deal with metadata covering the whole country and regions and their sources are more or less reliable. Reliability of sources is extremely important in public perception. It is guaranteed by institutions representing information collected on the basis of systematic reports, obtained in a uniform space for all local government units. Both data and indicators calculated on their basis, as well as reliable rankings presented, are tools used by mayors of communes, local communities, more and more often government institutions, funds, agencies and media presenting more and less reliable rankings.

A Comparative Good Governance Experiences on Local Governments Cope with COVID-19: A Case Studies Between Indonesia and Thailand

: This article aimed to analyzed and compared good governance experiences on local government cope with Covid-19 between Indonesia and Thailand. The methodology of this article was a qualitative approach based on the secondary data from case of local government of Indonesia in Tegal City and Thailand in Chang Puak Sub-district. The finding of this article was in Indonesia case could argued that the effectiveness, openness, and transparency of the government in coping with Covid-19 are the keys to improve the people economy in Tegal City. Also, the administrators Government of Tegal should be responsive to evaluate ineffective methods in preventing the spread of Covid-19 and switch to more effective and efficient ways. In the meantime, in Thailand case, sorely local government could not cope with Covid-19 pandemic, but the cooperated between Thailand Village Health Volunteer and local government were the best operation to stop the Covid-19 outbreak. Moreover, the most foremost hinder in both Thailand and Indonesia were the central government that centralize authority. In Indonesia, the central policy was the obstacle to allow local government acted, while in Thailand the emergency decree was the main hinder for local government management. Finally, both local government in Thailand and Indonesia were struggled and tried to cope with Covid-19 in a right way of good governance track even though they had a limited authority and willing to support their community.

A New and Reinvigorated Research Agenda for U.S. Local Governments

This essay offers a perspective on a new and reinvigorated research agenda for the study of U.S. local governments. It reports on the ideas and reflections of a set of local government scholars with different vantage points and varied substantive interests. Seven paramount themes or directions for a research agenda were identified, all of which contain numerous threads and thrusts: local government finance and economic development, local government management, intergovernmental relations, collaboration, public engagement, social equity, and institutional design. The essay offers some reasons for optimism about the future of U.S. local governments while also identifying cause for concern.

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS AS A DETERMINANT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT

The purpose of the article is to indicate the importance of cultural factors in managing local governments. Marketing management is an important aspect in building future social resources of local governments. It is essential in the process of local governments’ competition on the market for goods enriching their resources. One of the aspects of management is taking care of local labour markets, which is connected with the presence of foreign employees. This aspect will be particularly important if the migration processes become more intensive. Changes in the social structure make it necessary to consider the said determinant in the processes of satisfying the needs of residents and their development. Authorities guided by the interests of residents and familiar with problems that may arise as a result of failure to consider cultural aspects will be passive in the face of possible conflict situations that will affect integration processes and relations within the local community. In addition, they will not be aware of the potential benefits from the presence of new residents. The research was conducted using the method of analysis of the literature on the subject.

Policy Implementation: Fishery Policy Related to Local Government Management

This article discusses the implementation of fisheries policies related to local government management. The results show that the Cambodian government needs to pay attention to incentives for local entrepreneurs. As a manager, the district government has the authority to carry out the functions delegated to him from the provincial government. Likewise with regents who have many tasks, it is necessary to delegate part of their authority to the officials below them. In implementing regional government policies that focus on implementation, it will indirectly improve the performance of fisheries management policies. Empowerment of fishermen should also be directed to provide alternative solutions for fishermen during the dry season. The hope is that fishermen who are poor and vulnerable to being categorized as poor can improve their welfare. In the government system, top level management gives authority to lower management to carry out certain functions. It's been done well. Potential fishery resources need to be managed legally in the form of regional political decisions. Political decisions that are translated into district regulations are a form of local government policy.

SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF THE MUNICIPAL LEGAL POLICY OF UKRAINE

The article examines the essence of municipal legal policy as a system of strategic management of self-governing activities. It is determined that the activity of voluntary associations of local self-government bodies as subjects of state municipal policy is one of the manifestations and forms of organizational independence of local self-government bodies in the implementation of the paradigm of regional interest. This independence is guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, the European Charter of Local Self- Government, the laws of Ukraine "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine" and "On Associations of Local Self-Government Bodies". The essence and peculiarities of local self- government subjects, their separate categories, regularities and tendencies of development are investigated. It is emphasized that territorial communities directly or indirectly, their authorities, non-governmental organizations exercise their legal personality both within the state and abroad. It is determined that territorial communities are endowed with: the right to form relevant bodies through elections, general meetings of citizens at the place of residence; the right to hold local referendums, local initiatives, public hearings, individual and collective appeals, public examinations and discussions, other forms of local democracy not prohibited by the constitution; the right to manage local budgets, movable and immovable property of communal property; the right to conclude international agreements of profile orientation, etc. It is noted that the transition to the formation of municipal legal policy requires a radical overhaul of the entire ideology of local government, management technologies, decision-making practices and resource allocation. Prospects for the functioning and improvement of the status of local self- government entities have been identified.

MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT IN ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN EAST FLORES REGENCY EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

This study focused on exploring and analyzing management planning in the administration of local government, management of public services, and government leadership; determining and analyzing problems faced in the district management as well as the possible development model for district management. This study used the constructivist approach (discovery and assimilation), and it involved 10 respondents. The results showed that in the district management in East Flores regency, the management of planning had not been implemented optimally; the management of public services had not been implemented optimally, effectively and efficiently; and the governmental leadership had been properly implemented in terms of service, but it had not been optimally implemented in terms of administrative management duties. The management development in the aspect of management of planning was expected to be carried out through these stages: setting goals, developing commitment to goals, developing effective action plan, following the steps of achieving the goals, and maintaining flexibility of planning.

Residents' Support for Tourism Development In a Portuguese Historic Town

This study depicts some antecedents of residents' support for tourism development (STD) underlying the importance of residents' trust in government actors involved in tourism planning and development in the context of historic towns. The study proposes a conceptual framework that explores the relationships between community attachment, local government management of tourism, perceived tourism impacts, trust in government actors, and STD. Data collection was carried out by personal survey applied to 150 residents of the small historic town of Lamego, located within the Portuguese Douro Valley World Heritage Site. Structural equation modeling method was employed to analyze the proposed model. Results suggest that residents' trust in government actors had a significant effect on STD. Residents' perceptions of the tourism benefits positively influenced their STD, and residents' perceptions of the tourism costs negatively affected their STD. The results support the relationship between community attachment and trust in government actors. Also, community attachment significantly and positively influenced tourism benefits. Perceived effective local government management of tourism had a strong significant effect on the residents' trust in government actors. Moreover, residents' perceived effective local government management of tourism was a significant determinant of perceived tourism benefits, but did not significantly predict perceived tourism costs.