scholarly journals The role of dietary methionine concentrations on growth, metabolism and N-retention in cobia (Rachycentron canadum ) at elevated water temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Van Nguyen ◽  
Marit Espe ◽  
Louis E. C. Conceição ◽  
Hoang Minh Le ◽  
Manuel Yúfera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rachycentron Canadum ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Growth Metabolism ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals Effect of viscosity on digestion of nutrients in conventional and germ-free chicks

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Langhout ◽  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
H. Sloetjes ◽  
W. A. Verstegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

A study was conducted with conventional and germ-free broiler chicks to obtain more information on the role of the intestinal microflora in the anti-nutritive effects of NSP in broiler chicks. As the NSP source, highly methylated citrus pectin (HMC) was used at a dose level of 30 g/kg in a maize-based diet. The diets fed to the germ-free chicks were γ-irradiated, whereas those fed to the conventional chicks were not. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds depressed weight gain and food utilization (P < 0·05), whereas in germ-free birds only weight gain was reduced (P < 0·05). Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds reduced digestibilities of energy and starch at the end of the jejunum. Ileal digestibilities of starch and energy were not strongly affected when birds were fed on the HMC-containing diet. Faecal digestibilities of organic matter, crude fat, starch and amino acids, N retention and metabolizable energy were reduced when conventional chicks were fed on the HMC diet. Feeding the HMC diet to germ-free birds hardly affected faecal digestibility of nutrients and N retention, whereas metabolizable energy was increased. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional or germ-free birds increased the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. This increase in digesta viscosity was more pronounced in conventional than in germ-free birds. The pH of ileal digesta was reduced when HMC was added to the diet of conventional chicks, but not in germ-free chicks. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds markedly affected morphology of the gut wall, whereas in germ-free chicks very little effect was found on gut morphology. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the gastrointestinal microflora mediates the magnitude of the anti-nutritive effects of HMC in broiler chicks. However, the exact role of the microflora in chicks in the magnitude of the anti-nutritional effects of HMC could not be derived from the present study, since the results might have been influenced by γ-irradiation of the diets fed to the germ-free chicks.

Beyond regulation of pol III: Role of MAF1 in growth, metabolism, aging and cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 1861 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxing Li ◽  
Hui-Yun Wang ◽  
X.F. Steven Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Metabolism ◽  
Pol Iii

scholarly journals Insulin and TOR signal in parallel through FOXO and S6K to promote epithelial wound healing

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Kakanj ◽  
Bernard Moussian ◽  
Sebastian Grönke ◽  
Victor Bustos ◽  
Sabine A. Eming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Normal Wound Healing ◽  
Epithelial Wound Healing ◽  
Pi3k Activation ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Metabolism

Abstract The TOR and Insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) network controls growth, metabolism and ageing. Although reducing TOR or insulin signalling can be beneficial for ageing, it can be detrimental for wound healing, but the reasons for this difference are unknown. Here we show that IIS is activated in the cells surrounding an epidermal wound in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, resulting in PI3K activation and redistribution of the transcription factor FOXO. Insulin and TOR signalling are independently necessary for normal wound healing, with FOXO and S6K as their respective effectors. IIS is specifically required in cells surrounding the wound, and the effect is independent of glycogen metabolism. Insulin signalling is needed for the efficient assembly of an actomyosin cable around the wound, and constitutively active myosin II regulatory light chain suppresses the effects of reduced IIS. These findings may have implications for the role of insulin signalling and FOXO activation in diabetic wound healing.

Role of the GH-IGF-1 system in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout postsmolts at elevated water temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst M. Hevrøy ◽  
Christian K. Tipsmark ◽  
Sofie C. Remø ◽  
Tom Hansen ◽  
Miki Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals Role of CPS1 in Cell Growth, Metabolism, and Prognosis in LKB1-Inactivated Lung Adenocarcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. djw231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müge Çeliktaş ◽  
Ichidai Tanaka ◽  
Satyendra Chandra Tripathi ◽  
Johannes F. Fahrmann ◽  
Clemente Aguilar-Bonavides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Growth Metabolism

scholarly journals Role of stormflow in reducing N retention in a suburban forested watershed, western Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (G2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Chiwa ◽  
Ryoko Maruno ◽  
Jun'ichiro Ide ◽  
Takeaki Miyano ◽  
Naoko Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forested Watershed ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Western Japan

scholarly journals Cycling and retention of nitrogen in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems under elevated fructification frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Brumme ◽  
Bernd Ahrends ◽  
Joachim Block ◽  
Christoph Schulz ◽  
Henning Meesenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
European Beech ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Leaf Litterfall ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) has exceeded its demand for plant increment in forest ecosystems in Germany. High N inputs increased plant growth, the internal N cycling within the ecosystem, the retention of N in soils and plant compartments, and the N output by seepage water. But the processes involved are not fully understood, especially the role of fructification which has increased in its frequency. A field experiment using 15N labelled leaf litter exchange was carried out over a 5.5 years' period at seven long-term monitoring sites with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems to study the impact of current mast frequency on N cycling. Mean annual leaf litterfall contained 35 kg N ha−1, but about one half of that was recovered in the soil 5.5 years after the establishment of the leaf litter 15N exchange experiment. Retention of leaf litter N in the soil was more closely related to the production of total litterfall than to the leaf litterfall indicating the role of fructification of beech trees in the amount of leaf N retained in the soil. In these forests fructification occurred commonly in intervals of 5 to 10 years, which has now changed to every two to three years as observed during this study period. Seed cupules contributed 51 % to the additional litterfall in mast years which caused a high nutrient demand during their decomposition due to their very high carbon (C) to N and C to phosphorus (P) ratios. Higher mast frequency increased the mass of mean annual litterfall by about 0.5 Mg ha−1 and of litterfall N by 8.7 kg ha−1. Mean net primary production (NPP) increased by about 4 %. Mean total N retention in soils calculated by input and output fluxes was unrelated to total litterfall indicating that mast events were not the primary factor controlling total N retention in soils. Despite reduced N deposition since the 1990s about 5.7 kg N ha−1 out of 20.7 kg N ha−1 deposited annually between 1994 and 2008 were retained in soils notably at acid sites with high N / P and C / P ratios in the organic layers and mineral soils. Ongoing N retention increased the N / P ratios in acid soils with moder type humus forms and reduced the availability of P for plant growth and litter decomposition. Trees retained twice as much N compared to soils by biomass increment particularly in less acid stands where the mineral soils had low C / N ratios.

scholarly journals GSK-3: A Bifunctional Role in Cell Death Pathways

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Jacobs ◽  
Sandeep R. Bhave ◽  
Daniel J. Ferraro ◽  
Jerry J. Jaboin ◽  
Dennis E. Hallahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Metabolism ◽  
Significant Attention

Although glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) was originally named for its ability to phosphorylate glycogen synthase and regulate glucose metabolism, this multifunctional kinase is presently known to be a key regulator of a wide range of cellular functions. GSK-3βis involved in modulating a variety of functions including cell signaling, growth metabolism, and various transcription factors that determine the survival or death of the organism. Secondary to the role of GSK-3βin various diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer, small molecule inhibitors of GSK-3βare gaining significant attention. This paper is primarily focused on addressing the bifunctional or conflicting roles of GSK-3βin both the promotion of cell survival and of apoptosis. GSK-3βhas emerged as an important molecular target for drug development.

scholarly journals Hormonal and neuroendocrine control of reproductive function in teleost fish.

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2122-2133
Author(s):  
Adrian Rodríguez Gabilondo ◽  
Liz Hernández Pérez ◽  
Rebeca Martínez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Growth Metabolism

Reproduction is one of the important physiological events for the maintenance of the species. Hormonal and neuroendocrine regulation of teleost requires multiple and complex interactions along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. Within this axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Steroidogenesis drives reproduction function in which the development and differentiation of gonads. In recent years, new neuropeptides have become the focus of reproductive physiology research as they are involved in the different regulatory mechanisms of these species' growth, metabolism, and reproduction. However, especially in fish, the role of these neuropeptides in the control of reproductive function is not well studied. The study of hormonal and neuroendocrine events that regulate reproduction is crucial for the development and success of aquaculture.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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