scholarly journals Role of stormflow in reducing N retention in a suburban forested watershed, western Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (G2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Chiwa ◽  
Ryoko Maruno ◽  
Jun'ichiro Ide ◽  
Takeaki Miyano ◽  
Naoko Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forested Watershed ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Western Japan

scholarly journals Effect of viscosity on digestion of nutrients in conventional and germ-free chicks

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Langhout ◽  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
H. Sloetjes ◽  
W. A. Verstegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

A study was conducted with conventional and germ-free broiler chicks to obtain more information on the role of the intestinal microflora in the anti-nutritive effects of NSP in broiler chicks. As the NSP source, highly methylated citrus pectin (HMC) was used at a dose level of 30 g/kg in a maize-based diet. The diets fed to the germ-free chicks were γ-irradiated, whereas those fed to the conventional chicks were not. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds depressed weight gain and food utilization (P < 0·05), whereas in germ-free birds only weight gain was reduced (P < 0·05). Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds reduced digestibilities of energy and starch at the end of the jejunum. Ileal digestibilities of starch and energy were not strongly affected when birds were fed on the HMC-containing diet. Faecal digestibilities of organic matter, crude fat, starch and amino acids, N retention and metabolizable energy were reduced when conventional chicks were fed on the HMC diet. Feeding the HMC diet to germ-free birds hardly affected faecal digestibility of nutrients and N retention, whereas metabolizable energy was increased. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional or germ-free birds increased the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. This increase in digesta viscosity was more pronounced in conventional than in germ-free birds. The pH of ileal digesta was reduced when HMC was added to the diet of conventional chicks, but not in germ-free chicks. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds markedly affected morphology of the gut wall, whereas in germ-free chicks very little effect was found on gut morphology. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the gastrointestinal microflora mediates the magnitude of the anti-nutritive effects of HMC in broiler chicks. However, the exact role of the microflora in chicks in the magnitude of the anti-nutritional effects of HMC could not be derived from the present study, since the results might have been influenced by γ-irradiation of the diets fed to the germ-free chicks.

Budgets of major ionic species and nutrients on a dam reservoir in forested watershed

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Komai ◽  
S. Umemoto ◽  
Y. Takeda ◽  
T. Inoue ◽  
A. Imai
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Rain Events

To evaluate the role of a dam reservoir in the runoff of pollutant loadings from a forested watershed, the input–output budgets in the Ikuno dam reservoir had been investigated for eight years since 1996. The T-N, T-P, TOC and major ionic species in the bulk precipitation, stream water, and outflow were measured. The residence time calculated by using the data of the inflow and outflow was 0.3 year. The average precipitation was 1,772 mm during the investigation period (1996–2004). The direct deposition to water surface was less than one percentage to total loadings of nutrients and major ionic species. The ratios of output to input of TOC, TN, and TP were 1.04 to 1.42, and those of major ionic species were from 0.83 to 0.99 except for NO3−, which was 1.12. However, the ratios of output to input of major ionic species except for NO3− at the Ikuno dam reservoir will be larger, and those of NO3−, TOC, TN, and TP will be smaller, if we also include rain events. These results suggested that the dam reservoir played a role as a sink for pollutants in forested watershed, and that the pollutant loadings to downstream may decrease.

scholarly journals Cycling and retention of nitrogen in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems under elevated fructification frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Brumme ◽  
Bernd Ahrends ◽  
Joachim Block ◽  
Christoph Schulz ◽  
Henning Meesenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
European Beech ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Leaf Litterfall ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) has exceeded its demand for plant increment in forest ecosystems in Germany. High N inputs increased plant growth, the internal N cycling within the ecosystem, the retention of N in soils and plant compartments, and the N output by seepage water. But the processes involved are not fully understood, especially the role of fructification which has increased in its frequency. A field experiment using 15N labelled leaf litter exchange was carried out over a 5.5 years' period at seven long-term monitoring sites with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems to study the impact of current mast frequency on N cycling. Mean annual leaf litterfall contained 35 kg N ha−1, but about one half of that was recovered in the soil 5.5 years after the establishment of the leaf litter 15N exchange experiment. Retention of leaf litter N in the soil was more closely related to the production of total litterfall than to the leaf litterfall indicating the role of fructification of beech trees in the amount of leaf N retained in the soil. In these forests fructification occurred commonly in intervals of 5 to 10 years, which has now changed to every two to three years as observed during this study period. Seed cupules contributed 51 % to the additional litterfall in mast years which caused a high nutrient demand during their decomposition due to their very high carbon (C) to N and C to phosphorus (P) ratios. Higher mast frequency increased the mass of mean annual litterfall by about 0.5 Mg ha−1 and of litterfall N by 8.7 kg ha−1. Mean net primary production (NPP) increased by about 4 %. Mean total N retention in soils calculated by input and output fluxes was unrelated to total litterfall indicating that mast events were not the primary factor controlling total N retention in soils. Despite reduced N deposition since the 1990s about 5.7 kg N ha−1 out of 20.7 kg N ha−1 deposited annually between 1994 and 2008 were retained in soils notably at acid sites with high N / P and C / P ratios in the organic layers and mineral soils. Ongoing N retention increased the N / P ratios in acid soils with moder type humus forms and reduced the availability of P for plant growth and litter decomposition. Trees retained twice as much N compared to soils by biomass increment particularly in less acid stands where the mineral soils had low C / N ratios.

Trans-Pacific Localism and the Creation of a Fishing Colony

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Konno
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Immigrants ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Western Japan

Before World War II, immigrant fishermen from Wakayama Prefecture in western Japan, many among them from a small town called Taiji, created an almost 100% Japanese community and dominated the local fishing industry on Terminal Island, Los Angeles. This study examines the role of immigrants’ home village in sustaining migration and close connections across the Pacific. Evidence from qualitative and quantitative research demonstrates how transpacific ties played a transformative part in community building on both sides of the ocean. The case of Taiji and Terminal Island sheds light on the degree to which pre-World War II Japanese immigrants embraced a localism rooted in Japan and at the same time made unique cultural and economic contributions in the new ethnoracial environment of the United States.

Controls on N Retention and Exports in a Forested Watershed

1999 ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nadelhoffer ◽  
M. Downs ◽  
B. Fry ◽  
A. Magill ◽  
J. Aber
Keyword(s):  
Forested Watershed ◽  
N Retention

scholarly journals The role of dietary methionine concentrations on growth, metabolism and N-retention in cobia (Rachycentron canadum ) at elevated water temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Van Nguyen ◽  
Marit Espe ◽  
Louis E. C. Conceição ◽  
Hoang Minh Le ◽  
Manuel Yúfera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rachycentron Canadum ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Growth Metabolism ◽  
Elevated Water

scholarly journals The Role of Free‐Tropospheric Moisture Convergence for Summertime Heavy Rainfall in Western Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Tsuji ◽  
Yukari N. Takayabu ◽  
Ryosuke Shibuya ◽  
Hirotaka Kamahori ◽  
Chie Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Convergence ◽  
Western Japan

scholarly journals The Role of Civil Society Sector in the Development of Art-Driven Regional Social Innovation: The Case of Benesse Art Site Naoshima and Art Setouchi

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14061
Author(s):  
Ken Aoo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Aging Societies ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Shed Light

Recently art is increasing its presence as an “creative industry” to sustain local communities, by generating socio-economic values. Still, whether art can be a tool for social innovation to regenerate communities, especially in rural areas in aging societies, is an unanswered question. In this paper, we take the example of Benesse Art Site Naoshima and Art Setouchi in the island area of Western Japan, viewing how it transformed from a corporate-established museum to a regional initiative involving various stakeholders, including local residents and thus creating the process of dialogues and collaboration. By reconstructing the existing evidence with supplementary fieldwork and interviews and applying a tri-sectoral analysis of the processes, we present how the art sites developed to become a social innovation. We then illustrate the role of two key individuals, Soichiro Fukutake and Fram Kitagawa, and shed light on the different values and methodologies they brought into these art sites. We argue that such contributions from the civil society and philanthropy sector made a critical contribution to characterize BASN and Art Setouchi, in addition to the well-documented and recognized efforts from local government and business sectors. Finally, we propose that such values, methodologies, and persons who can embody and implement such values are crucial if other countries and areas are to replicate the model.

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