Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with depression among Korean adults with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease

Background: Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (BAFMD), assessed by high resolution ultrasonography, reflects endothelium dependent vasodilator function. BAFMD is diminished in patients with atherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors and improves with risk reduction therapy.Methods: Study was conducted on 50 patients of coronary artery disease from In-patients who were admitted in the Department of Medicine and 25 healthy control without cardiovascular disease risk factors. All patients having established CAD i.e. Acute coronary syndrome and past history of CABG/angioplasty were included in study. Those morbidly ill and patients with evidence of chronic inflammatory or malignant disease were excluded. Doppler ultrasound of brachial artery was performed in all of them to assess baseline lumen diameter and flow mediated dilatation (i.e. percent change in brachial artery diameter after occlusion cuff release). Patients were divided into two groups; first group was classified as those having BAFMD less than 7.5% and the second group consisted patients having BAFMD less than 10%.Results: Flow mediated dilatation in cases was 6.87±5.48% as compared to the control group in which it was 13.08±3.40% and was statistically significant (P value 0.000002). Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation was abnormal in 80% cases at a cut off value <10% significant abnormalities; i.e. BAFMD <7.5% was found in 66% patients.Conclusions: Endothelial function as assessed by FMD is significantly impaired in patient of coronary artery disease. Hence it may be used as an important screening tool in people having cardiovascular disease risk factors and may play as a crucial role in preventive cardiology.

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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽

10.1161/cir.0000000000000973 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley ◽

Paul Poirier ◽

Lora E. Burke ◽

Jean-Pierre Després ◽

Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Impact

The global obesity epidemic is well established, with increases in obesity prevalence for most countries since the 1980s. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders. Obesity also leads to the development of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. More recent data highlight abdominal obesity, as determined by waist circumference, as a cardiovascular disease risk marker that is independent of body mass index. There have also been significant advances in imaging modalities for characterizing body composition, including visceral adiposity. Studies that quantify fat depots, including ectopic fat, support excess visceral adiposity as an independent indicator of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modification and subsequent weight loss improve both metabolic syndrome and associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, clinical trials of medical weight loss have not demonstrated a reduction in coronary artery disease rates. In contrast, prospective studies comparing patients undergoing bariatric surgery with nonsurgical patients with obesity have shown reduced coronary artery disease risk with surgery. In this statement, we summarize the impact of obesity on the diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, especially sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. In particular, we examine the influence of obesity on noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease. Moreover, we review the impact of obesity on cardiac function and outcomes related to heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we describe the effects of lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions on outcomes related to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.

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Evolving lipoprotein risk factors: lipoprotein(a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/44.8.1827 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1827-1832 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ishwarlal Jialal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Young Patients ◽

Ldl Oxidation ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Westernized populations. Evolving lipoprotein risk factors include LDL oxidation and lipoprotein(a) [lp(a)]. Several lines of evidence support a role for oxidatively modified LDL in atherogenesis and its in vivo existence. There are both direct and indirect measures of oxidative stress. The most relevant direct measure of lipid peroxidation is urinary F2 isoprostanes. The most common indirect measure of LDL oxidation is quantifying the lag phase of copper-catalyzed LDL oxidation by assaying conjugated diene formation. Lp(a) is increased in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, not all prospective studies have confirmed a positive relationship between Lp(a) and cardiovascular events. Lp(a) appears to present three major problems: standardization of the assay, establishing its role in atherogenesis, and the lack of an effective therapy that can substantially lower Lp(a) concentrations. Thus, at the present time, Lp(a) concentrations should not be recommended for the general population but be reserved for patients with coronary artery disease without established risk factors, young patients with coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease, or a family history of premature atherosclerosis and family members of an index patient with increased concentrations of Lp(a). Although both LDL oxidation and Lp(a) are evolving risk factors for cardiovascular disease, more data are needed before they become part of the established lipoprotein repertoire.

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiling Among First Degree Relatives of Coronary Artery Disease Patients Admitted in Cardiology Ward of JIPMER, Puducherry

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research ◽

10.5530/jcdr.2016.3.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 108-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sumesh Soman ◽

Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽

Santhosh Satheesh ◽

Archana Ramalingam

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Risk Profiling ◽

Artery Disease

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Polygenic Scores to Assess Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/circresaha.120.315928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (9) ◽

pp. 1159-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Krishna G. Aragam ◽

Pradeep Natarajan

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk

An individual’s susceptibility to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is influenced by numerous clinical and lifestyle factors, motivating the multifaceted approaches currently endorsed for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. With growing knowledge of the genetic basis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease—in particular, coronary artery disease—and its contribution to disease pathogenesis, there is increased interest in understanding the potential clinical utility of a genetic predictor that might further refine the assessment and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Rapid scientific and technological advances have enabled widespread genotyping efforts and dynamic research in the field of coronary artery disease genetic risk prediction. In this review, we describe how genomic analyses of coronary artery disease have been leveraged to create polygenic risk scores. We then discuss evaluations of the clinical utility of these scores, pertinent mechanistic insights gleaned, and practical considerations relevant to the implementation of polygenic risk scores in the health care setting.

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