Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with one-year all-cause mortality among those with coronary artery calcium scores ≥400

2015 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
John W. McEvoy ◽  
Khurram Nasir ◽  
Jon Rumberger ◽  
David Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Predictors of Coronary Artery Calcium and Long‐Term Risks of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Javaid ◽  
Joshua D. Mitchell ◽  
Todd C. Villines
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is well‐validated for cardiovascular disease risk stratification in middle to older–aged adults; however, the 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines state that more data are needed regarding the performance of CAC in low‐risk younger adults. Methods and Results We measured CAC in 13 397 patients aged 30 to 49 years without known cardiovascular disease or malignancy between 1997 and 2009. Outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death), and all‐cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for baseline risk factors (including atrial fibrillation for stroke and MACE) and the competing risk of death or noncardiac death as appropriate. The cohort (74% men, mean age 44 years, and 76% with ≤1 cardiovascular disease risk factor) had a 20.6% prevalence of any CAC. CAC was independently predicted by age, male sex, White race, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Over a mean of 11 years of follow‐up, the relative adjusted subhazard ratio of CAC >0 was 2.9 for MI and 1.6 for MACE. CAC >100 was associated with significantly increased hazards of MI (adjusted subhazard ratio, 5.2), MACE (adjusted subhazard ratio, 3.1), stroke (adjusted subhazard ratio, 1.7), and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.1). CAC significantly improved the prognostic accuracy of risk factors for MACE, MI, and all‐cause mortality by the likelihood ratio test ( P <0.05). Conclusions CAC was prevalent in a large sample of low‐risk young adults. Those with any CAC had significantly higher long‐term hazards of MACE and MI, while severe CAC increased hazards for all outcomes including death. CAC may have utility for clinical decision‐making among select young adults.

scholarly journals Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with coronary artery calcium volume versus density

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isac C Thomas ◽  
Brandon Shiau ◽  
Julie O Denenberg ◽  
Robyn L McClelland ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Density Score ◽  
Volume Score

ObjectivesRecently, the density score of coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been shown to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events at any level of CAC volume. Whether risk factors for CAC volume and CAC density are similar or distinct is unknown. We sought to evaluate the associations of CVD risk factors with CAC volume and CAC density scores.MethodsBaseline measurements from 6814 participants free of clinical CVD were collected for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants with detectable CAC (n=3398) were evaluated for this study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate independent associations of CVD risk factors with CAC volume and CAC density scores.ResultsWhereas most CVD risk factors were associated with higher CAC volume scores, many risk factors were associated with lower CAC density scores. For example, diabetes was associated with a higher natural logarithm (ln) transformed CAC volume score (standardised β=0.44 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.58) ln-units) but a lower CAC density score (β=−0.07 (−0.12 to −0.02) density units). Chinese, African-American and Hispanic race/ethnicity were each associated with lower ln CAC volume scores (β=−0.62 (−0.83to −0.41), −0.52 (−0.64 to −0.39) and −0.40 (−0.55 to −0.26) ln-units, respectively) and higher CAC density scores (β= 0.41 (0.34 to 0.47), 0.18 (0.12 to 0.23) and 0.21 (0.15 to 0.26) density units, respectively) relative to non-Hispanic White.ConclusionsIn a cohort free of clinical CVD, CVD risk factors are differentially associated with CAC volume and density scores, with many CVD risk factors inversely associated with the CAC density score after controlling for the CAC volume score. These findings suggest complex associations between CVD risk factors and these components of CAC.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in head and neck cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mukherjee ◽  
R Griffin ◽  
C Lenneman ◽  
C Lewis ◽  
L Nabell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
One Year

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): American Heart Association Pre-doctoral Fellowship Background Cancer patients and survivors have higher burden of cardiovascular diseases than the age-adjusted general population. However, evidence on distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors in cancer patients is limited. Purpose Our aim was to assess if racial disparities exist in prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in head and neck cancer patients.  Methods In this clinical cohort, we included 2299 head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients diagnosed between 2012-2018 at a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center. We used a combination of ICD-9/10 codes, medication use and pharmacy records from electronic medical records data, to identify cardiovascular disease risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus). We reported prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at and one year-post HNSCC diagnosis, by race, using Chi-square or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.  Results Black HNSCC patients were diagnosed at a slightly younger age (median: 60.0 vs 62.0 years, p-value 0.0745), had a higher proportion of males (p-value 0.0221) and advanced cancer stage at diagnosis (p-value 0.0033), than white HNSCC patients. At diagnosis, 32.63% of black HNSCC patients had hypertension and 34.44% had at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor, compared to 24.59% and 27.74% in whites, respectively (p-values 0.0020 and 0.0127, respectively). At one-year post HNSCC diagnosis, 84.73% of all HNSCC patients had at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor. No statistically significant racial differences were observed for hypertension and diabetes mellitus at one-year post HNSCC diagnosis, however, 37.74% of white HNSCC patients had dyslipidemia compared to 27.49% black patients (p-value 0.003).  Conclusion Higher prevalence of hypertension and advanced cancer stage at HNSCC diagnosis in black patients highlights issues of racial disparity and unequal access to care. High prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at one-year post HNSCC diagnosis and increase in dyslipidemia in white patients emphasizes the impact of therapeutic agents and need for routine personalized monitoring of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease preventive services in high risk HNSCC patients.

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