Signalling pathways and key genes involved in regulation of ovarian development of Sepia esculenta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyong Zhang ◽  
Muchun He ◽  
Zilong Xiang ◽  
Changlin Liu ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Sepia Esculenta ◽  
Key Genes

scholarly journals The Hevea brasiliensis AP2/ERF superfamily: from ethylene signalling to latex harvesting and physiological disease response

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO ◽  
Pascal MONTORO
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness ◽  
Ethylene Signalling ◽  
Latex Production

Ethylene is a hormone known for its involvement in the process of latex harvesting in Hevea brasiliensis. It facilitates latex flow by activation of endogenous metabolism in the anastomosed latex cells called laticifers. In regard to its ambivalent role, ethylene is both favourable to the latex production and unfavourable, to a certain level, to the apparition of a physiological disease termed as tapping panel dryness (TPD). Comprehensive researches have been carried out to reveal the molecular actors in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathways in Hevea brasiliensis. One of the most important superfamily implicated as the last transcription factor known in plant ethylene signalling is the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF). Currently, 114 unique sequences related to the Hevea AP2/ERF gene superfamily have been identified and characterized. Specific characterizations under the condition of harvesting stress and the occurrence of TPD have identified 36 gene expression markers (GEMs). Eighteen of these GEMs were predicted as ortholog with 19 Arabidopsis AP2/ERF genes. The characterization was mainly focused on transcriptional regulation, whilst potential post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of HbAP2/ERF genes were formerly predicted. Three HbERF groups (HbERF-VII, HbERF-VIII and HbERF-IX) were hypothesized to have an important role in Hevea tolerance during latex production as they highly accumulated in laticifers and in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Further functional analysis of several key genes is suggested in order to fully understand the regulation of HbAP2/ERFs. Finally, the molecular markers for future Hevea breeding could be possibly developed from this superfamily.

Histology of oogenesis and ovarian development in cultured Sepia esculenta

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Yanan YIN ◽  
Changlin LIU ◽  
Peng HU ◽  
Jinyong ZHANG ◽  
Shufang LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Sepia Esculenta

scholarly journals The Molecular Basis of Human Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harding ◽  
Moosajee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Eye Formation

Human eye development is coordinated through an extensive network of genetic signalling pathways. Disruption of key regulatory genes in the early stages of eye development can result in aborted eye formation, resulting in an absent eye (anophthalmia) or a small underdeveloped eye (microphthalmia) phenotype. Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (AM) are part of the same clinical spectrum and have high genetic heterogeneity, with >90 identified associated genes. By understanding the roles of these genes in development, including their temporal expression, the phenotypic variation associated with AM can be better understood, improving diagnosis and management. This review describes the genetic and structural basis of eye development, focusing on the function of key genes known to be associated with AM. In addition, we highlight some promising avenues of research involving multiomic approaches and disease modelling with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which will aid in developing novel therapies.

scholarly journals The Hevea brasiliensis AP2/ERF superfamily: from ethylene signalling to latex harvesting and physiological disease response

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO ◽  
Pascal MONTORO
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness ◽  
Ethylene Signalling ◽  
Latex Production

Ethylene is a hormone known for its involvement in the process of latex harvesting in Hevea brasiliensis. It facilitates latex flow by activation of endogenous metabolism in the anastomosed latex cells called laticifers. In regard to its ambivalent role, ethylene is both favourable to the latex production and unfavourable, to a certain level, to the apparition of a physiological disease termed as tapping panel dryness (TPD). Comprehensive researches have been carried out to reveal the molecular actors in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathways in Hevea brasiliensis. One of the most important superfamily implicated as the last transcription factor known in plant ethylene signalling is the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF). Currently, 114 unique sequences related to the Hevea AP2/ERF gene superfamily have been identified and characterized. Specific characterizations under the condition of harvesting stress and the occurrence of TPD have identified 36 gene expression markers (GEMs). Eighteen of these GEMs were predicted as ortholog with 19 Arabidopsis AP2/ERF genes. The characterization was mainly focused on transcriptional regulation, whilst potential post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of HbAP2/ERF genes were formerly predicted. Three HbERF groups (HbERF-VII, HbERF-VIII and HbERF-IX) were hypothesized to have an important role in Hevea tolerance during latex production as they highly accumulated in laticifers and in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Further functional analysis of several key genes is suggested in order to fully understand the regulation of HbAP2/ERFs. Finally, the molecular markers for future Hevea breeding could be possibly developed from this superfamily.

Caspases and apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

Nutrient-regulated gene expression in eukaryotes

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Reece ◽  
Laila Beynon ◽  
Stacey Holden ◽  
Amanda D. Hughes ◽  
Karine Rébora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
A Cell ◽  
One Step ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

The recognition of changes in environmental conditions, and the ability to adapt to these changes, is essential for the viability of cells. There are numerous well characterized systems by which the presence or absence of an individual metabolite may be recognized by a cell. However, the recognition of a metabolite is just one step in a process that often results in changes in the expression of whole sets of genes required to respond to that metabolite. In higher eukaryotes, the signalling pathway between metabolite recognition and transcriptional control can be complex. Recent evidence from the relatively simple eukaryote yeast suggests that complex signalling pathways may be circumvented through the direct interaction between individual metabolites and regulators of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Biochemical and structural analyses are beginning to unravel these elegant genetic control elements.

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