Apparent digestibility coefficients of proximate nutrients and essential amino acids from a single‐cell protein meal derived from Methylobacterium extorquens for pre‐smolt Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.)

The freshwater alga spirogyra porticalis, a filamentous chlorophyte, was collected and identified on the basis of morphology and molecular characteristics. The nutritional composition of the Alga (protein, carbohydrate, moisture, fat, ash) were determined using the AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis. The components of Single Cell Protein (SCP) were determined using method of proximate analysis. The total content of protein (% dry weight) ranged from 12.46-16.89%, carbohydrate from 34.72-39.25%, moisture from 12.97-16.75%, fat from 20.17-22.03%, ash from 10.78-15.98%. The result revealed that this Macroalga has an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate, moisture, fat, and ash. Amino acids composition determines the protein quality of Algae. Hence, the amino acids present in the algal sample were extracted and estimated using an automated amino acids Analyzer. The results have shown the presence of the following amino acids; Leu, Lys, Ile, Phe, Val, His, Arg, Met, Trp, Thr, Pro, Tyr, Gly, Glu, Asp, Cys, Ser, Ala. The essential amino acids (Leu, Lys, Ile, Phe, Val, His, Arg, Met, Trp, Thr) profile of the alga as compared with conventional protein sources and the WHO/FAO reference pattern of essential amino acids (g per 100 protein), reveals that the levels of the essential amino acids in the alga were either similar to or greater than the levels of the same amino acids in the reference foods and WHO/FAO reference pattern. Thus, results of the present study shows that S.porticalis is a potential source of single cell protein, and may be of use to the food industry as a source of ingredients with high nutritional value. S. porticalis can provide a dietary alternative due to its nutritional value and its commercial value can be enhanced by improving the quality and expanding the range of freshwater macroalgae based products.

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Production of single cell protein (SCP) and essentials amino acids from Candida utilis FMJ12 by solid state fermentation using mango waste supplemented with nitrogen sources

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2017.16361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 716-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kounbesioune SOMDA Marius ◽

NIKIEMA Mahamadi ◽

KEITA Ibrahim ◽

MOGMENGA Iliassou ◽

H. S. KOUHOUNDE Sonagnon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Solid State ◽

Single Cell ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Candida Utilis ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Single Cell Protein ◽

Cell Protein

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Review on Production of Single-Cell Protein from Food Wastes

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.968-974.3758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 968-974

Author(s):

Nura Abdullahi ◽

Munir Abba Dandago ◽

Alkasim Kabiru Yunusa

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Arable Land ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Single Cell Protein ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Growth Media ◽

World Population ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Preparation Methods

The roles of protein in bodybuilding and the regulation of biological processes are important in sustaining life. A large amount of protein is required by both humans and animals and this cannot be supplied by only conventional sources. This is because of the rapid increase in world population. The present sources of protein will not meet global protein demand in years to come. Scientists explore the production of single-cell protein (SCP), as an alternative source of protein, through the utilization of wastes and low-value materials. SCP can supply high-quality protein containing both essential and non-essential amino acids that can be utilized by humans and animals. Protein from microbial biomass is cheaper than animal proteins because the substrates used in the production are generally cheaper and more readily available. Moreover, the production process does not require arable land and the entire process can be completed within a short time. This article reviewed the process of SCP production. Different raw materials used in the production and variations in growth media preparation methods were discussed. Various sources of fermentation microorganisms and their potential substrate were reviewed. Growth media enrichment using different carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources was also discussed.

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A transdisciplinary approach to the initial validation of a single cell protein as an alternative protein source for use in aquafeeds

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3170 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3170 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael Tlusty ◽

Andrew Rhyne ◽

Joseph T. Szczebak ◽

Bradford Bourque ◽

Jennifer L. Bowen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Taste Preference ◽

Single Cell Protein ◽

Protein Source ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Methylobacterium Extorquens ◽

Transdisciplinary Approach ◽

Alternative Protein

The human population is growing and, globally, we must meet the challenge of increased protein needs required to feed this population. Single cell proteins (SCP), when coupled to aquaculture production, offer a means to ensure future protein needs can be met without direct competition with food for people. To demonstrate a given type of SCP has potential as a protein source for use in aquaculture feed, a number of steps need to be validated including demonstrating that the SCP is accepted by the species in question, leads to equivalent survival and growth, does not result in illness or other maladies, is palatable to the consumer, is cost effective to produce and can easily be incorporated into diets using existing technology. Here we examine white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth and consumer taste preference, smallmouth grunt (Haemulon chrysargyreum) growth, survival, health and gut microbiota, and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) digestibility when fed diets that substitute the bacteriumMethylobacterium extorquensat a level of 30% (grunts), 100% (shrimp), or 55% (salmon) of the fishmeal in a compound feed.In each of these tests, animals performed equivalently when fed diets containingM. extorquensas when fed a standard aquaculture diet. This transdisciplinary approach is a first validation of this bacterium as a potential SCP protein substitute in aquafeeds. Given the ease to produce this SCP through an aerobic fermentation process, the broad applicability for use in aquaculture indicates the promise ofM. extorquensin leading toward greater food security in the future.

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A Single Cell Protein as Standard Reference Material for Determination of Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, and Elements in Foods

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/74.1.104 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 104-106

Author(s):

Abdul Aziz ◽

Faisal Abu-Dagga

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Reference Material ◽

Single Cell ◽

Standard Reference Material ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Trace Element Composition ◽

Single Cell Protein ◽

Cell Protein

Abstract A commercially available single-cell protein (Pruteen) was analyzed for amino acids, fatty acids, and major, minor, and trace-element composition after storage at room temperature and at 4°C over a period of 5 years. The purpose was to assess its suitability as an organic-nutrient standard reference material for food analysis. The material showed longterm stability and is, therefore, recommended for interlaboratory certification studies.

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Digestibility of protein and amino acids of a fermentation single-cell protein for veal calves

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/0377-8401(77)90010-4 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 377-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E.J. Van Weerden ◽

J. Huisman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Single Cell ◽

Single Cell Protein ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Veal Calves

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Amino Acid Supplementation of Casein in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fry and of Soybean Meal for Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f75-052 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 422-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

G. L. Rumsey ◽

H. G. Ketola

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Fish Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a diet containing isolated fish protein grew significantly faster than those fed a diet containing casein without supplemental amino acids, and had improved feed conversion and lower mortality. Supplementing the casein diet with essential amino acids to the levels in the isolated fish protein diet significantly increased growth rate, reduced mortality, and improved feed conversion.When fingerling rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) were fed diets containing soybean meal as the sole source of protein, additions of amino acids to simulate those levels of essential amino acids in trout eggs and isolated fish protein significantly improved growth. Additions of methionine, lysine, histidine, and leucine individually and in several combinations had no effect.

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