scholarly journals Nano-curcumin safely prevents streptozotocin-induced inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells for effective management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 (13) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Ganugula ◽  
Meenakshi Arora ◽  
Patcharawalai Jaisamut ◽  
Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee ◽  
Heather G Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Effective Management

scholarly journals The role of apoptosis in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Pekareva ◽  
Tatiana Vasil'evna Nikonova ◽  
Olga Mikhailovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Beta Cell Apoptosis

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is known to be associated with progressive destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Apoptosis plays the key role in this destructiveprocess. The paper focuses on major mechanisms underlying activation of beta-cell apoptosis and its role in regulation of immune processes inpatients with DM1.

Prospects of antigen-specific therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vasil'evna Nikonova ◽  
Yulia Viktorovna Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Specific Therapy

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is commonly recognized as an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic ?-beta-cells. Progress in diagnostics at preclinical stage is accompanied with active development of preventive measures. So far, there are no specific therapeutic agents approved for clinical practice. However, ongoing large-scale studies have outlined some promising solutions, antigen-specific immunotherapy being one of them.

scholarly journals Glucose-responsive beta cells in islets isolated from a patient with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Walker ◽  
P. R. V. Johnson ◽  
M. Shigeto ◽  
S. J. Hughes ◽  
A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cells

scholarly journals New Onset Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Toddler with Sars-Cov-2 Infection Presenting In Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Ekezie JC ◽  
Haddad D
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), though mostly sparing the lungs in children, has been found to affect other organs including the endocrine pancreas. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may occur through direct negative effects of the virus on beta-cell function leading to diminished insulin production. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a known and life-threatening complication of T1DM. Case presentation: This is a case of a 3-year-old previously healthy male who presented with 4 days history of fever, with malaise and hyperpnea for one day. Review of systems was notable for increased thirst and urination, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and visible weight loss for 4 days. Initial investigations done showed elevated blood glucose, ketonuria, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, and positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He was immediately commenced on intravenous fluids and insulin with progressive improvement and was discharged on hospital day 6. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has impacted children most profoundly with the new post-infectious multi-inflammatory syndrome, however, it is important to remember that primary coronavirus infection is still a threat to pediatric patients, for example, and its cytotoxic effects on the pancreatic beta cells that may lead to T1DM. We, therefore, recommend that caregivers, parents, and medical professionals should have a high index of suspicion when children present with symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of T1DM during the COVID-19 pandemic so that diagnosis can be made promptly and therefore DKA prevented.

Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabose Selvaraj ◽  
Gurudeeban Selvaraj ◽  
Satyavani Kaliamurthi ◽  
William C. Cho ◽  
Dong-Qing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Targets

Ion channels are integral proteins expressed in almost all living cells and are involved in muscle contraction and nutrient transport. They play a critical role in the normal functioning of the excitable tissues of the nervous system and regulate the action potential and contraction events. Dysfunction of genes encodes ion channel proteins, which disrupt the channel function and lead to a number of diseases, among which is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, understanding the complex mechanism of ion channel receptors is necessary to facilitate the diagnosis and management of treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of important ion channels and their potential role in the regulation of insulin secretion along with the limitations of ion channels as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss the recent investigations of the mechanism regulating the ion channels in pancreatic beta cells, which suggest that ion channels are active participants in the regulation of insulin secretion.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf ◽  
Katharine Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Findings

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion with subsequent hyperglycemia. This review details the definition and classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Figures show the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon, particularly within the liver, on substrate flow and plasma levels; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels; the structure of human proinsulin; the cellular actions of insulin; measurement of insulin levels after the administration of glucose; the pathways that lead from insulin deficiency to the major clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus; the pathogenesis of type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus; the relationship between hemoglobin A1C and calculated average glucose level; basal-bolus and insulin pump regimens; and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Tables list the etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus, criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes, American Diabetes Association standards for glycemic control in diabetes mellitus, insulin preparations, potential advantages of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with multiple daily injections, cardiovascular risk factor screening and treatment, and typical admission laboratory findings and monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 66 references.

scholarly journals Onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with infectious mononucleosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrovna Kharlashina ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Shapoval'yants ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Pekareva ◽  
Tatiana Vasil'evna Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Direct Cell

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a polygenous multifactor disease that may be triggered by a viral infection that causes death of beta-cells by at least two mechanisms,virus-mediated autoimmunity and direct cell injury. A case of DM1 following infectious mononucleosis is described to illustrate the necessityof a combined approach to the examination of patients and prescription of treatment.

scholarly journals The Prime Cause of type-2 (T2D), Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) And The Relation Between Diabetes and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Bohr Effect ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Between 1985 and 2002, the number of people with diabetes grew from 30 million to 217 million, and this incidence will be expected to exceed 366 million by 2030. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreatic islets, leading to insulin deficiency. This type can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. This research has gone through several important reviews plus one research on 21 mice which is done in Violet Cancer Institute (VCI) to find the prime reason behind T1D and T2D. We have reviewed the physiological and evolutionary mechanisms in both types of diabetes. In all cases, Hypoxia through Bohr Effect have been observed. The Bohr effect increases the efficiency of oxygen transportation through the blood. After hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs because of the high oxygen concentrations, the Bohr effect facilitates its release in the tissues, specifically those tissues which need the most oxygen. Chronic hypoxia in tissues and pancreatic beta-cells through the Bohr Effect (BE) has been discussed in this review/research as the reason for causing T2D and T1D. HIF-1alpha regulates cellular stress responses, While the levels of HIF-1alpha protein are tightly regulated, it can be active under normoxic conditions, Dysregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D and sudden hypoxia in pancreatic beta-cells through BE which is is the prime cause of T1D which can be of good help for researchers to focus on this physiological effect for the treatment and prevention of these two diseases. Additionally, we have discussed the main relation between diabetes and cancer in this research as well.

scholarly journals New-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with Hashimoto thyroiditis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Schipani ◽  
Andrea Cozzi ◽  
Giuseppe Salvatore Murgida ◽  
Valentina Francolini ◽  
Eleonora Sisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
New Onset

New onset type 1 diabetes mellitus is an uncommon but possible complication triggered by SARSCoV- 2 infection. Metabolic inflammation supported by cytokine storm leading to pancreatic beta cells destruction is the most probable link between COVID-19 and diabetes. Here, we describe the case of a 51-year-old female suffering from Hashimoto thyroiditis, who came to our attenction for new onset polyuria-polydipsia syndrome associated to hyperglycemia after a mild form of COVID- 19 recognized two months before and already recovered. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed.

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