scholarly journals Coloring and size influence preferences for imaginary animals, and can predict actual donations to species‐specific conservation charities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Curtin ◽  
Sarah Papworth
Keyword(s):  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals Why and how might genetic and phylogenetic diversity be reflected in the identification of key biodiversity areas?

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1662) ◽  
pp. 20140019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Brooks ◽  
A. Cuttelod ◽  
D. P. Faith ◽  
J. Garcia-Moreno ◽  
P. Langhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Site ◽  
Specific Conservation

‘Key biodiversity areas' are defined as sites contributing significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity. The identification of these sites builds from existing approaches based on measures of species and ecosystem diversity and process. Here, we therefore build from the work of Sgró et al. (2011 Evol. Appl. 4 , 326–337. ( doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00157.x )) to extend a framework for how components of genetic diversity might be considered in the identification of key biodiversity areas. We make three recommendations to inform the ongoing process of consolidating a key biodiversity areas standard: (i) thresholds for the threatened species criterion currently consider a site's share of a threatened species' population; expand these to include the proportion of the species' genetic diversity unique to a site; (ii) expand criterion for ‘threatened species' to consider ‘threatened taxa’ and (iii) expand the centre of endemism criterion to identify as key biodiversity areas those sites holding a threshold proportion of the compositional or phylogenetic diversity of species (within a taxonomic group) whose restricted ranges collectively define a centre of endemism. We also recommend consideration of occurrence of EDGE species (i.e. threatened phylogenetic diversity) in key biodiversity areas to prioritize species-specific conservation actions among sites.

scholarly journals The Djibouti francolin and juniper forest in Djibouti: the need for both ecosystem and species-specific conservation

Oryx ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zomo S. Y. Fisher ◽  
Samantha Cartwright ◽  
Clive Bealey ◽  
Houssein A. Rayaleh ◽  
Philip McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals In silico evidence for the species-specific conservation of mosquito retroposons: implications as a molecular biomarker

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Byarugaba ◽  
Henry Kajumbula ◽  
Misaki Wayengera
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Biomarker ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals Host species-specific conservation of a family of repeated DNA sequences in the genome of a fungal plant pathogen.

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
pp. 9981-9985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Hamer ◽  
L. Farrall ◽  
M. J. Orbach ◽  
B. Valent ◽  
F. G. Chumley
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequences ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogen ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals Aspergillus Collagen-Like Genes (acl): Identification, Sequence Polymorphism, and Assessment for PCR-Based Pathogen Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (24) ◽  
pp. 7882-7895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiril Tuntevski ◽  
Brandon C. Durney ◽  
Anna K. Snyder ◽  
P. Rocco LaSala ◽  
Ajay P. Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Fluid ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence ◽  
Specific Conservation

ABSTRACTThe genusAspergillusis a burden to public health due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, its production of allergens, and wide demographic susceptibility among cystic fibrosis, asthmatic, and immunosuppressed patients. Current methods of detection ofAspergilluscolonization and infection rely on lengthy morphological characterization or nonstandardized serological assays that are restricted to identifying a fungal etiology. Collagen-like genes have been shown to exhibit species-specific conservation across the noncollagenous regions as well as strain-specific polymorphism in the collagen-like regions. Here we assess the conserved region of theAspergilluscollagen-like (acl) genes and explore the application of PCR amplicon size-based discrimination among the five most common etiologic species of theAspergillusgenus, includingAspergillus fumigatus,A. flavus,A. nidulans,A. niger, andA. terreus. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of theaclF1gene were additionally examined among the available strains. Furthermore, the applicability of the PCR-based assay to identification of these five species in cultures derived from sputum and bronchoalveolar fluid from 19 clinical samples was explored. Application of capillary electrophoresis on nanogels was additionally demonstrated to improve the discrimination betweenAspergillusspecies. Overall, this study demonstrated thatAspergillusaclgenes could be used as PCR targets to discriminate between clinically relevantAspergillusspecies. Future studies aim to utilize the detection ofAspergillusaclgenes in PCR and microfluidic applications to determine the sensitivity and specificity for the identification ofAspergilluscolonization and invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised subjects.

Teasing apart cryptic species groups: Nutritional ecology and its implications for species-specific conservation of theMyotis mystacinusgroup

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Roswag ◽  
Nina I. Becker ◽  
Robert Drangusch ◽  
Kathleen Kuhring ◽  
Bernd Ohlendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals Species-Specific Conservation of Linear Antigenic Sites on Vaccinia Virus A27 Protein Homologs of Orthopoxviruses

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Henrike Ahsendorf ◽  
Li Gan ◽  
Kamal Eltom ◽  
Ahmed Abd El Wahed ◽  
Sven-Kevin Hotop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Sequence Variability ◽  
Peptide Arrays ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Protective Proteins ◽  
Specific Conservation

The vaccinia virus (VACV) A27 protein and its homologs, which are found in a large number of members of the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), are targets of viral neutralization by host antibodies. We have mapped six binding sites (epitopes #1A: aa 32–39, #1B: aa 28–33, #1C: aa 26–31, #1D: 28–34, #4: aa 9–14, and #5: aa 68–71) of A27 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using peptide arrays. MAbs recognizing epitopes #1A–D and #4 neutralized VACV Elstree in a complement dependent way (50% plaque-reduction: 12.5–200 µg/mL). Fusion of VACV at low pH was blocked through inhibition of epitope #1A. To determine the sequence variability of the six antigenic sites, 391 sequences of A27 protein homologs available were compared. Epitopes #4 and #5 were conserved among most of the OPXVs, while the sequential epitope complex #1A–D was more variable and, therefore, responsible for species-specific epitope characteristics. The accurate and reliable mapping of defined epitopes on immuno-protective proteins such as the A27 of VACV enables phylogenetic studies and insights into OPXV evolution as well as to pave the way to the development of safer vaccines and chemical or biological antivirals.

Evolution and species-specific conservation of toll-like receptors in terrestrial vertebrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Bagheri ◽  
Azadeh Zahmatkesh
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Conservation

scholarly journals Low productivity in the Critically Endangered Mauritius Olive White-eye Zosterops chloronothos

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
RINA K. NICHOLS ◽  
LANCE G. WOOLAVER ◽  
CARL G. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Land Bird ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Annual Proportion ◽  
Specific Conservation

Productivity of the endemic Mauritius Olive White-eye Zosterops chloronothos, the least known of the Mauritian land-bird species, was studied for three consecutive breeding seasons. Fifteen White-eye territories were monitored in 1998–1999 and 1999–2000, and 18 in 2000–2001. Although respectively 67%, 73% and 78% of pairs in these territories exhibited signs of breeding, the annual proportion of pairs that successfully produced a fledgling was found to be extremely low at 7%, 7% and 17% respectively. Only five fledglings were observed during the 3 year period. None of the pairs was observed to have more than one successful nesting episode per season, and no pair produced more than a single fledgling over the 3 years. The extremely low productivity of this declining population is of critical concern. Species-specific conservation management is urgently required for this species.

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

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