scholarly journals Substance use pattern, self-control and social network are associated with crime in a substance-using population

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Skjaervø ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Use Pattern

scholarly journals Desistance from crime following substance use treatment: the role of treatment retention, social network and self-control

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Skjærvø ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Ongoing Treatment ◽  
Desistance From Crime

Abstract Background Reductions in crime are often reported following substance use treatment. We explore the relationship between desistance from crime, treatment type, treatment retention and positive changes in known risk factors for crime. Methods We used data from the NorComt-study; a longitudinal study of substance users (n = 341) enrolled in comprehensive treatment in Norway (2012–2015). At treatment initiation (T0) and 1 year later (T1), we collected self-reported data on criminal involvement, treatment, substance use, social network and self-control. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 1 year following treatment initiation 69% reported desistance from crime, 18% reported continued crime and 12% reported no crime at all in the study period. Desistance was high for OMT patients in ongoing treatment (79% desisted) and for inpatients regardless of treatment status (79–93% desisted), while not as high among OMT patients with interrupted treatment (47% desisted). For participants that continued crime during follow-up, the average number of criminal acts per month was reduced (p < 0.001). Desistance at follow-up was associated with being older (aOR: 1.05, CI: 1.00–1.10), inpatient treatment (aOR: 3.71, CI: 1.12–12.29), being in ongoing treatment (inpatient or OMT) (aOR: 2.90, CI: 1.01–8.36), having no stimulant use in the study period (aOR: 4.86, CI: 1.72–13.70), leaving a substance using social network (aOR 2.87, CI: 1.15–7.18) and improvement in self-control score (aOR: 1.08, CI: 1.04–1.13). Conclusions Retention in treatment is particularly important for crime outcomes among OMT patients. Positive changes in social network and self-control are potential contributors to desistance from crime. Targeted interventions towards crime reduction are recommended for patients with stimulant use, which appears to be a persistent risk factor for crime over time.

scholarly journals Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110286
Author(s):  
Theda Radtke ◽  
Theresa Apel ◽  
Konstantin Schenkel ◽  
Jan Keller ◽  
Eike von Lindern
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Digital Detox

Smartphone use, e.g., on social network sites or instant messaging, can impair well-being and is related to clinical phenomena, like depression. Digital detox interventions have been suggested as a solution to reduce negative impacts from smartphone use on outcomes like well-being or social relationships. Digital detox is defined as timeouts from using electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), either completely or for specific subsets of smartphone use. However, until now, it has been unclear whether digital detox interventions are effective at promoting a healthy way of life in the digital era. This systematic literature review aimed to answer the question of whether digital detox interventions are effective at improving outcomes like health and well-being, social relationships, self-control or performance. Systematic searches of seven databases were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines, and intervention studies were extracted that examined timeouts from smartphone use and/or smartphone-related use of social network sites and instant messaging. The review yielded k = 21 extracted studies (total N = 3,625 participants). The studies included interventions in the field, from which 12 were identified as randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the effects from digital detox interventions varied across studies on health and well-being, social relationships, self-control, or performance. For example, some studies found positive intervention effects, whereas others found no effect or even negative consequences for well-being. Reasons for these mixed findings are discussed. Research is needed to examine mechanisms of change to derive implications for the development of successful digital detox interventions.

scholarly journals Associations between the CADM2 gene, substance use, risky sexual behavior, and self‐control: A phenome‐wide association study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Arends ◽  
Joëlle A. Pasman ◽  
Karin J.H. Verweij ◽  
Eske M. Derks ◽  
Scott D. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Self Control

scholarly journals Perceived Self-Control is Related to Mental Distress in Patients Entering Substance Use Disorder Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Fiksdal Abel ◽  
Ingeborg Skjærvø ◽  
Edle Ravndal ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment

scholarly journals Subgrouping University Students Based on Substance Use Pattern: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Karimirad ◽  
Sima Afrashteh ◽  
Ali Gholami ◽  
Saeid Hossein Oghli ◽  
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Use Pattern

Exposure to Persistently Delinquent Peers and Substance Use Onset: A Test of Moffitt’s Social Mimicry Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-445
Author(s):  
Alex O. Widdowson ◽  
J. W. Andrew Ranson ◽  
Sonja E. Siennick ◽  
Kelly L. Rulison ◽  
D. Wayne Osgood
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Substance ◽  
Life Course Persistent ◽  
Delinquent Peers ◽  
Substance Use Initiation

Moffitt’s social mimicry hypothesis states that the sudden rise in offending during adolescence is partly the result of adolescence-limited delinquents modeling the behavior of their life-course persistent peers. We test this hypothesis using social network data from 7,742 adolescents followed from 6th to 12th grades to consider whether having a persistently delinquent friend, especially one who used substances, predicted substance use initiation. Results indicated that although having a persistently delinquent friend was associated with an increased risk of general substance use initiation, adolescents who had a persistently delinquent friend were just as likely to initiate smoking, drinking, and marijuana use whether that friend used that specific substance or not, which suggests that adolescents may not mimic their friends’ use of specific substances.

Natural normativity: The ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of animal behavior

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans B.M. de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ample Evidence

The evolution of behavior is sometimes considered irrelevant to the issue of human morality, since it lacks the normative character of morality (‘ought’), and consist entirely of descriptions of how things are or came about (‘is’). Evolved behavior, including that of other animals, is not entirely devoid of normativity, however. Defining normativity as adherence to an ideal or standard, there is ample evidence that animals treat their social relationships in this manner. In other words, they pursue social values. Here I review evidence that nonhuman primates actively try to preserve harmony within their social network by, e.g., reconciling after conflict, protesting against unequal divisions, and breaking up fights amongst others. In doing so, they correct deviations from an ideal state. They further show emotional self-control and anticipatory conflict resolution in order to prevent such deviations. Recognition of the goal-orientation and normative character of animal social behavior permits us to partially bridge the is/ought divide erected in relation to human moral behavior.

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