scholarly journals Desistance from crime following substance use treatment: the role of treatment retention, social network and self-control

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Skjærvø ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Ongoing Treatment ◽  
Desistance From Crime

Abstract Background Reductions in crime are often reported following substance use treatment. We explore the relationship between desistance from crime, treatment type, treatment retention and positive changes in known risk factors for crime. Methods We used data from the NorComt-study; a longitudinal study of substance users (n = 341) enrolled in comprehensive treatment in Norway (2012–2015). At treatment initiation (T0) and 1 year later (T1), we collected self-reported data on criminal involvement, treatment, substance use, social network and self-control. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 1 year following treatment initiation 69% reported desistance from crime, 18% reported continued crime and 12% reported no crime at all in the study period. Desistance was high for OMT patients in ongoing treatment (79% desisted) and for inpatients regardless of treatment status (79–93% desisted), while not as high among OMT patients with interrupted treatment (47% desisted). For participants that continued crime during follow-up, the average number of criminal acts per month was reduced (p < 0.001). Desistance at follow-up was associated with being older (aOR: 1.05, CI: 1.00–1.10), inpatient treatment (aOR: 3.71, CI: 1.12–12.29), being in ongoing treatment (inpatient or OMT) (aOR: 2.90, CI: 1.01–8.36), having no stimulant use in the study period (aOR: 4.86, CI: 1.72–13.70), leaving a substance using social network (aOR 2.87, CI: 1.15–7.18) and improvement in self-control score (aOR: 1.08, CI: 1.04–1.13). Conclusions Retention in treatment is particularly important for crime outcomes among OMT patients. Positive changes in social network and self-control are potential contributors to desistance from crime. Targeted interventions towards crime reduction are recommended for patients with stimulant use, which appears to be a persistent risk factor for crime over time.

Improvement in psychological wellbeing among adolescents with a substance use disorder attending an outpatient treatment programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N.M. Gamage ◽  
C. Darker ◽  
B.P. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit high rates of comorbid psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of an outpatient substance use treatment programme upon the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. Methods: A prospective study was carried out examining psychological symptoms in a group of adolescents attending the Youth Drug and Alcohol (YoDA) Addiction Service in Dublin. Participants were treated with evidenced based psychological models such as cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and systemic family therapy. The Becks Youth Inventory was utilised to assess psychological symptoms at treatment entry and repeated three months later at follow up. Results: Among 36 adolescents who were included in this study, poly-substance misuse was the norm. Almost three-quarter had a cannabis use disorder (CUD). There were significant reductions in mean subscale scores of depression (56.0 to 50.8, p = 0.003), anger (55.2 to 49.5, p < 0.001) and disruptive behaviour (61.6 to 56.5, p = 0.002) at follow up. Although there wasn’t a statistically significant reduction in mean scores for anxiety, we observed a significant proportion of participants (p = 0.008) improving and moving out of a moderate to severe symptom range when examined by category. This was also the case for self-concept (p = 0.04). Furthermore this study revealed a positive correlation between the reduction in days of cannabis use and reduction in depressive scores (Pearson correlation 0.49, p = 0.01) among those with a CUD. Conclusion: The findings indicate that substance use treatment for adolescents is associated with important psychological and behavioural improvements.

scholarly journals Pathways to treatment retention for individuals legally coerced to substance use treatment: The interaction of hope and treatment motivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Hampton ◽  
Bradley T. Conner ◽  
Dustin Albert ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
Darren Urada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Treatment Motivation

scholarly journals Predictors of substance use treatment initiation and engagement among adult and adolescent Medicaid recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie K. Lind ◽  
Dennis McCarty ◽  
Yifan Gu ◽  
Robin Baker ◽  
K. John McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Substance Use Treatment

Treatment Motivation Predicts Substance Use Treatment Retention Across Individuals with and Without Co-Occurring Mental Illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley H. Shields ◽  
Amanda S. Morrison ◽  
Bradley T. Conner ◽  
Darren Urada ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Retention ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Treatment Motivation

scholarly journals Substance use pattern, self-control and social network are associated with crime in a substance-using population

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Skjaervø ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit ◽  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Use Pattern

“A new horizon?”: evaluation of an integrated Substance Use Treatment Programme (SUTP) for mentally disordered offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Miles
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Purpose – The treatment of substance use amongst mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) remains a challenge for secure forensic mental health services. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated three-stage substance use treatment programme (SUTP) for male and female MDO’s in medium security. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 45 (72.6 per cent) MDO’s were referred (39 males/6 females). Standardised outcome measures were administered pre-SUTP, post-SUTP and at one year follow-up. Abstinence rates and location was determined via case notes at three year follow-up. Findings – All MDO’s had a past history of substance use, approximately three-quarters reporting problematic use prior to admission. Over half completed all three SUTP stages, less than 5 per cent dropping out during active treatment. The SUTP supported abstinence throughout the one year follow-up period and significantly improved MDO’s adaptive beliefs about substances and craving by one year follow-up amongst attendees. At three years, most MDO’s were in the community and almost three-quarters were abstinent. There was no significant difference in abstinent rates between community and hospital. There was a non-significant trend suggesting SUTP attendance supported abstinence. Both male and female participants appear to have benefited from treatment and satisfaction was high, reflecting the specific aims and objectives of treatment. Research limitations/implications – The small non-randomised sample from one area limits the generalisability of findings and statistical power. Originality/value – Findings indicate further support for the limited evidence base that small but clinically meaningful and maintained changes to problematic substance use are possible following integrated substance use treatment for male and female MDO’s.

scholarly journals A Social-Cognitive Educational Protocol for Parents with Adolescents at Risk of Substance Use: Impact on Adolescents' Life Skill

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Gharaati Sotoudeh ◽  
Masoud Aref Nazari ◽  
Malek Mirhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The aim of this study was to instruct social cognitive protocol based on life skills and parenting skills to parents with teenagers at substance use risk and also to investigate its effectiveness among teenagers. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up approach with a group in 3 stages of measurement. The statistical population included 70 adolescents at risk of substance abuse who were selected using the available sampling method. The survey consisted of 40 questions about adolescents' life skills in four subscales of self-control skills, assertiveness and saying no skills, decision-making skills, and problem-solving skills, and the reliability of the entire questionnaire was estimated to be 0.98 using the Cronbach's alpha method. In this study, adolescents were first given a test, and after two weeks, their parents learned the social cognitive protocol over a 12-week period and were asked to impart these skills to their adolescents at home. After that, the adolescents gave the same test after the intervention (posttest). Two months after the posttest, the follow-up test was performed without any training. Results: Comparison of the mean of the three stages of measurement showed that the effect of the overall life skills score, according to the value of Wilkes Lambda multivariate test (0.666) with degrees of freedom two and 40, can be rejected as a null hypothesis (P <0.01). In addition, in the subscales of decision-making skills (0.781), problem-solving (0.688), and self-control (0.816), the mean score of the participants in the three measurements was simultaneously different; and in the follow-up stage, the scores were significantly different than the pretest. However, in terms of assertiveness and the skill of saying no, the scores did not differ simultaneously in the three measurements (0.986). Conclusion: These scores show that teaching social cognitive protocol to parents of adolescents who are at risk of substance abuse is effective.

scholarly journals Care-engaged individuals with polysubstance use in Northeastern US are undertreated for methamphetamine use disorder: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yen Li ◽  
George A. Alba ◽  
Julian Mitton ◽  
Benjamin Bearnot
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Use Disorder

Abstract Background Stimulant use has increased across the US, with concomitant opioid and methamphetamine use doubling between 2011 and 2017. Shifting patterns of polysubstance use have led to rising psychostimulant-involved deaths. While it is known that individuals who use methamphetamine require greater access to treatment, there is still little known about methamphetamine use and treatment among individuals who are already engaged in outpatient substance use treatment. Objectives To characterize care-engaged individuals who use methamphetamine to guide harm reduction and treatment strategies. Methods Retrospective cohort study of individuals at a large academic medical center in Massachusetts with ≥ 2 positive methamphetamine oral fluid toxicology tests between August 2019 and January 2020. We performed descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, medical, and drug use characteristics and a comparative analysis of injection methamphetamine use versus other routes of use. Results Included were 71 individuals [56 male (80%), 66 non-Hispanic white (94%), median age 36 (IQR 30–42)]. Nearly all had opioid (94%) and stimulant use disorder (92%). Most had (93%) or were (83%) being treated with medications for opioid use disorder, but few received pharmacologic treatment for methamphetamine use disorder (24%). None received contingency management treatment. People who inject methamphetamine (68%) were more likely to have a history of overdose (91% vs. 70%; p = 0.02), have HCV (94% vs. 52%; p < 0.01), use fentanyl (93% vs. 65%; p = 0.02), and engage in sex work (19% vs. 0%; p = 0.03) compared to those who used via other routes. Both groups had prevalent homelessness (88% vs. 73%; p = 0.15), incarceration (81% vs. 64%; p = 0.11), depression (94% vs. 87%; p = 0.34), and bacteremia (27% vs. 22%; p = 0.63). Conclusions Individuals in our study had high prevalence of polysubstance use, particularly concomitant methamphetamine and opioid use. Individuals who were well connected to substance use treatment for their opioid use were still likely to be undertreated for their methamphetamine use disorder and would benefit from greater access to contingency management treatment, harm reduction resources, and resources to address adverse social determinants of health.

Prevalence and Predictors of ADHD Symptoms in Adults Admitted for Substance use Disorder Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S132-S132
Author(s):  
K. Abel ◽  
E. Ravndal ◽  
T. Clausen ◽  
J. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
One Year

IntroductionSubstance use disorders (SUD) are common in adults with ADHD. A co-occurring ADHD diagnosis is associated with poorer treatment outcomes for both the ADHD and the SUD and higher rates of relapse to substance use.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between ADHD and SUD longitudinally to identify factors to help improve treatment outcomes.AimsPrevalence of ADHD symptoms was investigated in a national cohort of SUD patients one year after SUD treatment initiation. Factors at baseline related to ADHD symptoms were explored at follow up.MethodsFive hundred and forty-eight individuals were interviewed in a multi-center study involving 21 treatment facilities at treatment initiation and one year later (n = 261). ADHD symptoms were measured by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS-v.1-1) at follow-up. Individuals who screened positively for ADHD (ADHD + ) were compared to those who screened negatively on baseline variables. Emotional distress was measured by Hopkin's Symptom Check List-25.ResultsAt follow-up 35% screened positively for ADHD. In bivariate analysis the ADHD+ group was older, was less likely to have children, reported lower educational level, had more frequent use of stimulants, cannabis and benzodiazepines, and experienced higher degree of emotional stress. When controlling for other significant variables in a logistic regression analysis, the ADHD+ group was associated with more frequent use of cannabis (OR 2.14; CI 1.08–4.23) and of higher psychiatric symptom burden (OR 1.79; CI 1.22–2.61).ConclusionsA high prevalence of ADHD symptoms and associated challenges underline the importance of systematic screening of individuals entering SUD treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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