Wood production response to climate change will depend critically on forest composition and structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3632-3645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Coomes ◽  
Olivier Flores ◽  
Robert Holdaway ◽  
Tommaso Jucker ◽  
Emily R. Lines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Production Response

scholarly journals Forest plant and macrofungal differences in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in Northeast China: A regional-historical comparison and its implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Hui Wen ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jingxue Sun ◽  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Total State ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Forest Plants

AbstractForests in Northeast China in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains (GKM and LKM) account for nearly 1/3 of the total state-owned forests in the country. Regional and historical comparisons of forest plants and macrofungi will favor biological conservation, forest management and economic development. A total of 1067 sampling plots were surveyed on forest composition and structure, with a macrofungi survey at Liangshui and Huzhong Nature Reserves in the center of two regions. Regional and historical differences of these parameters were analyzed with a redundancy ordination of their complex associations. There were 61–76 families, 189–196 genera, and 369–384 species, which was only 1/3 of the historical records. The same dominant species were larch and birch with Korean pine (a climax species) less as expected from past surveys in the LKM. Shrub and herb species were different in the two regions, as expected from historical records. There was 10–50% lower species diversity (except for herb evenness), but 1.8- to 4-time higher macrofungi diversity in the GKM. Compared with the LKM, both tree heights and macrofungi density were higher. Nevertheless, current heights averaging 10 m are half of historical records (> 20 m in the 1960s). Edible macrofungi were the highest proportion in both regions, about twice that of other fungal groups, having important roles in the local economy. A major factor explaining plant diversity variations in both regions was herb cover, followed by shrubs in the GKM and herb-dominant species in the LKM. Factors responsible for macrofungi variations were tree density and shrub height. Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Larix gmelinii in the GKM but tree size and diversity were important factors in the LKM. Our findings highlighted large spatial and historical differences between the GKM and LKM in plant-macrofungal composition, forest structure, and their complex associations, which will favor precise conservation and management of forest resources in two region in the future.

Amazon forest responses to drought: scaling from individuals to ecosystems.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Saleska ◽  
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe ◽  
Fernanda V. Barros ◽  
Paulo R. L. Bittencourt ◽  
Neill Prohaska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Dry Seasons

<p>Scaling from individuals or species to ecosystems is a fundamental challenge of modern ecology and understanding tropical forest response to drought is a key challenge of predicting responses to global climate change.  We here synthesize our developing understanding of these twin challenges by examining individual and ecosystem responses to the 2015 El Niño drought at two sites in the central Amazon of Brazil, near Manaus and Santarem, which span a precipitation gradient from moderate (Manaus) to long (Santarem) dry seasons.  We will focus on how ecosystem water and carbon cycling, measured by eddy flux towers, emerges from individual trait-based responses, including photosynthetic responses of individual leaves, and water cycle responses in terms of stomatal conductance and hydraulic xylem embolism resistance.  We found the Santarem forest (with long dry seasons) responded strongly to drought: sensible heat values significantly increased and evapotranspiration decreased.  Consistent with this, we also observed reductions in photosynthetic activity and ecosystem respiration, showing levels of stress not seen in the nearly two decades since measurements started at this site.  Forests at the Manaus site showed significant, however, less consistent reductions in water and carbon exchange and a more pronounced water deficit.  We report an apparent community level forest composition selecting for assemblies of traits and taxa manifest of higher drought tolerance at Santarem, compared to the Manaus forest (short dry seasons) and other forest sites across Amazonia.  These results suggest that we may be able to use community trait compositions (as selected by past climate conditions) and environmental threshold values (e.g. cumulative rainfall, atmospheric moisture and radiation) as to help forecast ecosystem responses to future climate change.</p>

Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quaternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A.

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Bonan ◽  
Bruce P. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models

AbstractFull-glacial pollen records from southeastern United States are composed primarily of pine and spruce, with lesser amounts of fir, birch, and oak. A simulation model of forest dynamics was used to reconstruct the composition and structure of these forests on the Delmarva Peninsula of Virginia, where pollen data were available to test the model, and climate and soils data were available to drive the model. Reconstructed annual precipitation and summer air temperature were consistent with modern analog estimates from the pollen record. Annual precipitation was also consistent with climates simulated by atmospheric general circulation models, but summers were colder. Correcting these simulated climates for possible errors resulted in summer air temperature consistent with our estimate. However, two alternative parameter sets relating simulated tree growth to air temperature sums precluded robust forest reconstructions. With one parameter set, the species dominating the simulated forests were not consistent with the pollen record. The other parameter set produced forests more consistent with paleoecological data, indicating that the climate was correct. These differences in simulated forest composition reflected inadequacies in the parameterization of air temperature effects in forest models.

Landscape- and regional-scale shifts in forest composition under climate change in the Central Hardwood Region of the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen J. Wang ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Frank R. Thompson ◽  
Jacob S. Fraser ◽  
William D. Dijak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Composition

Temperate rainforest response to climate change and disturbance agents in northwestern Patagonia (41°S) over the last 2600 years

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio A. Jara ◽  
Patricio I. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
Temperate Rainforests

We present detailed pollen and charcoal records from Lago Pichilafquén (~ 41°S) to decipher the effects of climate change and varying disturbance regimes on the composition and structure of the vegetation on the Andean foothills of northwestern Patagonia during the last 2600 yr. Here, temperate rainforests have dominated the landscape since 2600 cal yr BP with variations ranging from cool-temperate and wet north Patagonian rainforests to relatively warm and summer-drought-resistant Valdivian rainforests. We interpret relatively warm/dry conditions between 1900–2600, 690–750 and 320–430 cal yr BP, alternating with cold/wet conditions between 1500–1900, 750–1100 and 430–690 cal yr BP. Rapid deforestation and spread of plants introduced by Europeans occurred at 320 and 140 cal yr BP. The record includes five tephras with ages of 2130, 1460, 1310, 1210, and 340 cal yr BP, all of which precede local fire events and increases in trees favored by disturbance by less than 100 yr. We conclude that centennial-scale changes in the southern westerlies were the primary driver of vegetation shifts in northwestern Patagonia over the last 2600 yr. Within this interval, local disturbance regimes altered the structure, composition, and dynamics of the lowland rainforest vegetation during several discrete, short-lived episodes.

Red Spruce Death: Effects on Forest Composition and Structure on Whiteface Mountain, New York

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Battles ◽  
Arthur H. Johnson ◽  
Thomas G. Siccama ◽  
Andrew J. Friedland ◽  
Eric K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Whiteface Mountain

scholarly journals Maize Production Response to Climate Change in Pakistan: A Time Series Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Shakoor ◽  
Mudassar Rashid ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Nabila Khurshid ◽  
Zuhair Husnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Response

scholarly journals Influence of Markets and Forest Composition on Lumber Production in Pennsylvania

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Luppold ◽  
Matthew S. Bumgardner
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Hardwood Lumber ◽  
Composition And Structure

Abstract In this study, we examine regional differences in the hardwood timber resources of Pennsylvania and how the combined changes in inventory volume, forest composition, and lumber prices have influenced regional lumber production. Isolation of these relationships is important because shifts in lumber production reflect changes in harvesting activity. In turn, harvesting influences long-term forest composition and structure. We define three hardwood regions in Pennsylvania based on forest composition and present a chronology of regional changes in sawtimber volumes, sawtimber composition, and lumber production. Regional changes in hardwood lumber production were found to be positively related to changes in the price of No. 1 Common lumber adjusted for changes in forest composition between 1970 and 1999. This finding supports our contention that regional changes in lumber production are influenced by a combination of changes in interspecies lumber price and changes in species availability.

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