Individual effects of l ‐arginine or l ‐lysine on stability of pork or chicken emulsion sausages with partial replacement of porcine backfat by soybean oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Yakai Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Dongmei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Individual Effects

Effect of different additives on high temperatures of concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Hassan A.M. Mhamoud ◽  
Jia Yanmin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Better Than

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different additives (individual effects) in improving the strength of concrete to resist temperatures of up to 60ºC. Design/methodology/approach In all, 13 different mixtures with a constant water/binder ratio of 0.36 and grade M40 were prepared by using ordinary Portland concrete alone, or with partial replacement by fly ash (FA), blast-furnace slag, silica fume (SF) and a combination of all three. After 7 and 28 days under water, their strength and residual strength were measured. Findings The results of testing revealed that the addition of 10 per cent SF was found to result in the greatest increase in compressive strength and flexural strength along with decreased the residual strengths. The addition of FA increased the compressive strength and enhanced the residual compressive strength. However, it also decreased the residual flexural strength. Originality/value The addition of slag achieved better flexural strength and the best residual compressive strength. The combination of additives also enhanced the compressive strength but was not found to be better than using SF alone.

scholarly journals Performance das variáveis operacionais na transesterificação etílica do óleo de soja

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
K. A. Borges ◽  
Douglas Q. Santos ◽  
W. B. Neto ◽  
J. D. Fabris ◽  
M. G. Hernández-Terrones
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fractional Factorial Experimental Design

The following operational variables in the ethylic transesterification of soybean oil were evaluated using the fractional factorial experimental design: (1) time (2) stirring speed, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, (4) ratio of catalyst for the mass of oil (5) type of catalyst and (6) temperature. The levels for each variable studied were: (1) time, 30 and 60 minutes, (2) speed, 100 and 200 rpm, (3) molar ratio ethanol: triglycerides, 9:1 and 12:1, (4) proportion of catalyst in relation to the mass of oil, 0.5% and 1.5% (5) type of catalyst, sodium hydroxide or potassium and (6) temperature, 35 ° C and 55 ° C. The order of magnitude of the effect observed for each of these factors in terms of income, the transesterification was: concentration of the catalyst> catalyst type> molar ratio > time> temperature> speed. In this work we studied the interactions between the variables and their implications in the transesterification process via ethylic route for soybean oil. The interactions between the variables (1) and (6), (1) and (2), (1) and (5), (2) and (4) were significant and positive for the process, ie it, followed the trends the individual effects of the main variables of the interaction will be favored income. Interactions: (2) and (6), (1) and (3), (1) and (4) proved to be negative and significant which implies that followed the trends of the individual effects of the interaction of the main variables, yields biodiesel production will decrease.

Review on Experimental Study on Effect of Corrosion In Reinforced Concrete Fly-Ash Beam

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Shubham N. Dadgal ◽  
Shrikant Solanke
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Pullout Test ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Method ◽  
Structural Failures

In modern days for structures in coastal areas it has been observed that the premature structural failures are occurs due to corrosion of the reinforcements of the designed structural member. The corrosion causes the structural damage which in turn leads to reduction in the bearing capacity of the concerned structural members. The aim of this study was to study the effect of partial replacement of fly ash to minimize the corrosion effect. Beams were designed and corroded by using artificial method known accelerated corrosion method. The beams were then tested for flexural and bond strength. Also the weight loss of the reinforced bars was been determined using electrical resistivity method. The fly ash will replace by 10% and 15%.The strength will calculate at varying percentage of corrosion at 10% and 15%. Beams will cast at M25 grade concrete. The flexural strength will test by using UTM and the bond strength will calculate using pullout test.

A Review on Utilization of Fly- Ash and Pond-Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Mix Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Harshkumar Patel ◽  
Yogesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Ash Disposal

Now-a-days energy planners are aiming to increase the use of renewable energy sources and nuclear to meet the electricity generation. But till now coal-based power plants are the major source of electricity generation. Disadvantages of coal-based thermal power plants is disposal problem of fly ash and pond ash. It was earlier considered as a total waste and environmental hazard thus its use was limited, but now its useful properties have been known as raw material for various application in construction field. Fly ash from the thermal plants is available in large quantities in fine and coarse form. Fine fly ash is used in construction industry in some amount and coarse fly ash is subsequently disposed over land in slurry forms. In India around 180 MT fly is produced and only around 45% of that is being utilized in different sectors. Balance fly ash is being disposed over land. It needs one acre of land for ash disposal to produce 1MW electricity from coal. Fly ash and pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. The fly ash became available in coal based thermal power station in the year 1930 in USA. For its gainful utilization, scientist started research activities and in the year 1937, R.E. Davis and his associates at university of California published research details on use of fly ash in cement concrete. This research had laid foundation for its specification, testing & usages. This study reports the potential use of pond-ash and fly-ash as cement in concrete mixes. In this present study of concrete produced using fly ash, pond ash and OPC 53 grade will be carried. An attempt will be made to investigate characteristics of OPC concrete with combined fly ash and pond ash mixed concrete for Compressive Strength test, Split Tensile Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Durability tests. This paper deals with the review of literature for fly-ash and pond-ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete.

Use of cold tolerant eucalyptus species as a partial replacement for southern mixed hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DALE E. NUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operational Data

During the last several years, the increasing cost and decreasing availability of mixed southern hardwoods have resulted in financial and production difficulties for southern U.S. mills that use a significant percentage of hardwood kraft pulp. Traditionally, in the United States, hardwoods are not plantation grown because of the growth time required to produce a quality tree suitable for pulping. One potential method of mitigating the cost and supply issues associated with the use of native hardwoods is to grow eucalyptus in plantations for the sole purpose of producing hardwood pulp. However, most of the eucalyptus species used in pulping elsewhere in the world are not capable of surviving in the southern U.S. climate. This study examines the potential of seven different cold-tolerant eucalyptus species to be used as replacements for, or supplements to, mixed southern hardwoods. The laboratory pulping and bleaching aspects of these seven species are discussed, along with pertinent mill operational data. Selected mill trial data also are reviewed.

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