A cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in Belgian infants attending day care centres

Background: Infant contact information (skin-to-skin contact between infants and others) is important to understand Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission patterns. A few studies have investigated infant contact patterns by asking the mother/guardian to record all contacts a child makes in one day. However, this approach does not capture contact behaviour in day-care. Our study describes the frequency and nature of physical contacts of infants in day-care to understand infant infection risk in day-care in Nha Trang, central Vietnam. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled infants aged less than 12 months, attending 10 randomly selected day-care centres in Nha Trang. Physical contacts of each infant for one day at the day-care centre were observed and recorded. The mean number of contacts of infants and its factors were assessed using negative binomial regression. Results: In total 14 infants, aged 6 to 11 months, were enrolled, and a total of 96 contacts were observed. The mean number of contacts an infant made in one day was 6.9. Infants who walked independently (age-adjusted rate ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.68) and those cared for in a larger group (1.99, 1.42-2.79) had more contacts at day-care. About 50% of infants made contact with at least one person from a commune different from the infant’s, and 50% made contact with at least one other infant at day-care. Conclusion: This study found that day-care attendance may be one factor that increases contact rates of infants in Nha Trang and diversifies them in terms of age and geographical spread. In this study, day-care attendance not only increased contact rates beyond those usually experienced by young children cared at home but specifically increased the contact rates with other children and adults from other communes. Day-care may play a key role in the transmission of respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae to infants.

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Infant contact in day-care centres in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study to understand infant infection risk

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15238.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michiko Toizumi ◽

Lay-Myint Yoshida ◽

Motoi Suzuki ◽

Hien Anh Thi Nguyen ◽

Amy Pinsent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Day Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contact Rates ◽

Contact Behaviour ◽

The Mean ◽

Day Care Centres

Background: Infant contact information (skin-to-skin contact between infants and others) is important to understand Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission patterns. A few studies have investigated infant contact patterns by asking the mother/guardian to record all contacts a child makes in one day. However, this approach does not capture contact behaviour in day-care. Our study describes the frequency and nature of physical contacts of infants in day-care to understand infant infection risk in day-care in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled infants aged <12 months, attending 10 randomly selected day-care centres in Nha Trang. Physical contacts of each infant for one day at the day-care centre were observed. The mean number of infants’ contacts and factors associated with contact numbers were assessed using negative binomial regression. Results: In total 14 infants, aged 6-11 months, were enrolled, and a total of 96 contacts were recorded. The mean number of contacts an infant made in one day was 6.9. Infants who walked independently (age-adjusted rate ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.68) and those cared for in a larger group (1.99, 1.42-2.79) had more contacts at day-care. About 50% of infants made contact with at least one person from a commune different from the infant’s, and 50% made contact with at least one other infant at day-care. Conclusion: This study found that day-care attendance may be one factor that increases contact rates of infants in Nha Trang and diversifies those contacts in terms of age and geographical spread. In this study, day-care attendance not only increased contact rates beyond those usually experienced by young children cared for at home but specifically increased contact rates with other children and adults from other communes. Day-care may play a key role in the transmission of respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae to infants.

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Factors Associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Children Under the Age of 5 Years in the Southwestern Colombia

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731343 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo Gámez ◽

Juan Pablo Rojas ◽

Santiago Cardona ◽

Juan David Castillo Noreña ◽

María Alejandra Palacio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Benzyl Penicillin ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Pediatric Outpatients

Abstract Objective This work aims to evaluate the factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility among pediatric outpatients in southwestern Colombia, 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using survey-based interviews and the collection of nasopharyngeal-swab specimens for microbiological characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Logistic regression analyses were performed for factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage. Results A total of 452 children under the age of 5 years were examined in which 41.8% carried S. pneumoniae. Higher pneumococcal carriage frequencies were observed among participants aged <2 years and in individuals belonging to indigenous communities, which were lacking established pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine-10 immunization schemes. Additionally, children attending childcare institutions were also highly colonized by pneumococci. S. pneumoniae showed 57.7% nonsusceptibility to benzyl-penicillin (meningitis-cut); 45.5% intermediate-sensitivity to benzyl-penicillin (oral-cut) and 21.7% to cefotaxime; and resistance to erythromycin (40.7%), tetracycline (36.0%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24.9%), clindamycin (24.3%), and ceftriaxone (27.0%). Conclusion The 41.8% of participants carrying S. pneumoniae show a scenario with the presence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains, which constitutes important reservoirs of bacterial transmission by children aged <5 years in Colombia, leading to an onset of pneumococcal diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to expand conjugate pneumococcal immunization in the community and ensure compliance with established immunization schedules.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn) Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children Under 3 Years Old, Attending Day Care Centers in Argentina

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1180 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S462-S462

Author(s):

Angela Gentile ◽

Analía Rearte ◽

Martha Von Spetch ◽

Celia Laban ◽

Santiago Lopez Papucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Day Care ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Day Care Centers

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Carriage of Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Children Attending Day-care Centres in the Stockholm Area

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3109/00365549709035893 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 555-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Brith Christenson ◽

Staffan P. E. Sylvan ◽

Britt Noreen

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Day Care ◽

Day Care Centres

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Nutritional composition of school meals serving children from 7 to 36 months of age in municipal day-care centres in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001434 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (12) ◽

pp. 2203-2211

Author(s):

Anabelle Retondario ◽

Débora Letícia Frizzi Silva ◽

Silvana Magalhães Salgado ◽

Márcia Aurelina de Oliveira Alves ◽

Sila Mary Rodrigues Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Day Care ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Feeding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Day Care Centres ◽

Group B

AbstractThe Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) seeks to meet student’s nutritional needs during the period they remain in school. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of meals provided in municipal day-care centres serving children of 7–11 months (group A) and 12–36 months (group B) of age and to compare observed values with the PNAE’s and dietary reference intakes’ (DRI) recommendations. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 day-care centres in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, between June and November 2013. Food samples of six daily meals were collected during 20 non-consecutive days, totalling 120 samples. For each meal, average served and consumed portions were submitted for laboratory analysis of moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, Na, Ca and Fe and compared with the PNAE’s and DRI’s values. No statistically significant difference was found between age groups (P=0·793) regarding portion sizes and nutritional composition. The same menu was offered to both groups in 95 % of the meals (n 114), although the groups’ nutritional needs were different. For group A, served meals met PNAE’s recommendations for energy, carbohydrates, proteins, Na and Ca content, and consumed portions provided 70 % of the nutritional needs for carbohydrates, proteins and Ca. For group B, served portions complied with the PNAE’s values for proteins, Na and Ca. Proteins and Na reached 70 % of the nutritional needs when consumed food was evaluated. School feeding in day-care centres partially meet PNAE’s guidelines and children’s nutritional requirements, contradicting the primary objective established by the national programme.

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