EFFECT OF DAY-NIGHT TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TIMOTHY PLANTS DERIVED FROM WINTER AND SUMMER TILLERS

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Smith
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes

scholarly journals Growth Response of 20 Seed Geranium Cultivars to Three Day–Night Temperature Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1466
Author(s):  
Mark S. Strefeler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Effective Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Temperature Interactions ◽  
Selection Of

The influence of temperature and genotype on plant height, internode length, and morphological development of 20 cultivars of Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey were determined by growing plants under one of three day–night temperature regimes (18/18C, 18/24C, and 24/18C). Temperature regime influenced internode length and plant height regardless of plant genotype. Internode length and plant height increased as the day–night temperature differential (DIF) increased from –6 to 6C. Average internode length increased from 5.3 ± 0.2 mm for –6C DIF to 6.3 ± 0.2 mm for +6C DIF. Genotypes differed for average internode length (4.2 to 8.7 mm) and plant height (54 to 95 mm). Node count increased as average daily temperature (ADT) increased. Node counts were 11.2 at 18/18C (ADT = 18), 11.9 at 24/18C (ADT = 20.3), and 12.1 at 18/24C (ADT = 21.8). Genotype × temperature interactions were not significant for the recorded traits. This study demonstrates that DIF is an effective height control strategy, regardless of geranium genotype, and that DIF combined with the selection of genetically short cultivars may eliminate the need for chemical height control in the commercial production of geraniums.

The effect of temperature stress on grain development in wheat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Asana ◽  
RF Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Stable Characteristic

Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to determine the effects of high temperatures on grain development and yield in wheat. Two Australian and three Indian cultivars of wheat were exposed, from a week after anthesis until maturity, to "day" temperatures of 25, 28, and 3l°C, and "night" temperatures of 9 and 12°C. There was a mean reduction in yield of 16%' for the 6° rise in day temperature, but the cultivars did not differ significantly in their response to these temperatures. There were no significant effects of night temperature on grain weight, but stem weight was less at 12°C. Senescence was hastened only slightly by high day temperature, and there were no differential effects between cultivars in this respect.In a subsidiary experiment one Indian and five Australian cultivars were subjected to three day-night temperature regimes (24/19°, 27/22°, and 30/25°C). Highly significant but complex interactions were established between temperature regime and cultivar. A growth analysis for the Australian cultivars Ridley and Diadem indicated that the developing grain of Ridley had a greater capacity for growth than that of Diadem from the earliest stage. This, together with the confirmation of grain size as a very stable characteristic for all the varieties, points to the developmental and synthetic activity of the grain as an important determinant of grain yield. The relevance of this study to the production of wheat in India is briefly discussed.

Environmental Control of Flowering of Boronia megastigma (Rutaceae) and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Myrtaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Day ◽  
BR Loveys ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Flowering

The flowering responses of Boronia megastigma Nees (Rutacae) and Hypocalymma angustifolium Endl. (Myrtaceae) to different photoperiod and temperature regimes were similar despite the fact that these species are from different families. No flowers reached anthesis in a temperature regime of 25°C day/17°C night but flowering of both species occurred in a cool temperatures (17°C day/9°C night). Photoperiod had no effect on flowering at the temperatures tested. Ten weeks of cool temperatures (17°C day/9°C night) were required for a maximum number of flowers to reach anthesis on H. angustifolium plants whereas B. megastigma plants required 15 weeks. Flower development in both species was inhibited by a large difference between day and night temperature (21°C day/5°C night) and promoted if the day/night difference was reversed (9°C day/17°C night). The temperature of the aerial parts of the plant controlled flowering, whereas vegetative growth was controlled by root temperature. Therefore, while a reduction in vegetative growth naturally coincides with the production of flowers, these events are not necessarily linked.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF FROKER OATS FOR FORAGE. II. CONCENTRATIONS AND YIELDS OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Froker oats (Avena sativa L.) was grown from seed to initial panicle emergence in three day/night temperature regimes: hot (H) 32/26 C, warm (W) 27/21 C, and cool (C) 21/15 C. At initial panicle emergence, some plants were transferred to the other regimes to provide nine temperature treatments until harvest at complete panicle emergence. High herbage concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) generally resulted when C temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence, whereas high crude protein (CP) and elemental concentrations generally resulted when H temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence. In general, yields (g/pot) of DM, IVDDM, TNC, CP, fat, and ash were influenced more by temperature before than after initial panicle emergence. However, yields of DM, IVDDM, and TNC were reduced markedly by the change from C to W and from C to H, and were increased by the change from H to C.

Some factors affecting the development and biocontrol of cotton seedling disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Ogle ◽  
AM Stirling ◽  
PJ Dart
Keyword(s):  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of temperature and cultivar on disease development in cotton were investigated in addition to the duration of susceptibility to infection and the timing of infection by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Symptom development was also monitored. Disease was more severe at day/night temperature regimes of 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25�C than at 35/30�C. Disease development differed significantly between cotton cvv. Deltapine 90 and Siokra 1-4 at 30/25�C and 35/30�C. In glasshouse trials in field soil, both R. solani and P ultimum were isolated from seeds as early as 2 h after inoculation, although most seeds were not infected with P. ultimum until 10 h after inoculation and with R. solani until 24 h after inoculation. Increasing the duration of exposure to inoculum increased the number of seeds infected and reduced the number of plants surviving. Seedlings were resistant to P. ultimum infection by 14 days after sowing but were not resistant to infection by R. solani until 28 days after sowing.

A method for quantifying the effect of temperature treatments on plant quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA I. SYSOYEVA ◽  
TATJANA G. KHARKINA
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Plant Characteristics

A method that allows the effect of temperature treatments on plant quality to be quantified is described. The proposed method is based on the analysis of temperature regions for plant quality characteristics and enables an easier and more precise analysis of the influence of day and night temperature on plant growth and development. Plant quality may be evaluated by the combination of any number of plant characteristics. The proposed method can assist growers in determining what temperature regimes are necessary to produce acceptable-quality crops on specified days.

Influence of photoperiod and temperature on vegetative growth and development of Florida betony (Stachys floridana)

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Thomas W. Rufty
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Experiments were conducted in environmental chambers to the evaluate effects of photoperiod and temperature on Florida betony growth and development. Plants were exposed to two photoperiods, short day (9 h) and long day (9 + 3 h night interruption), and three day/night temperature regimes, 18/14, 22/18, and 26/22 C. After 10 wk of growth, shoot length and weight were 3.4 and 3.5 times greater, respectively, in the long-day photoperiod and with the 26 and 22 than with the 22 and 18 C day and night temperature regime, respectively. Shoot number, however, was greatest in the short-day photoperiod and at a lower temperature of 22/18 C. Shoot number in long day 22/18 C and 26/22 C environments increased asymptotically. No difference in root weight was observed between long- and short-day environments, but root weight increased with increasing temperature. Flowering and tuber production only occurred in long-day environments, with greater production of both at higher temperatures. Results provide a general framework for understanding Florida betony growth and development characteristics in the field and provide insights that should be considered in developing control strategies.

The effect of high temperature regimes or short periods of water stress on development of small fruiting saltana vines

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McEAlexander
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Poor fruit set of sultanas in the Murray Valley is sometimes attributed to excessively high temperatures around flowering time. Experiments with small fruiting sultana vines in pots suggest that water stress is the more important factor. Fruit set was significantly less when a 3-day period of water stress was imposed at flowering or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after flowering, but not when it was imposed 6 weeks after flowering. Three days with maximum temperatures above 45°C at or 1 week after flowering did not reduce fruit set when ample water was supplied. When controlled environments combining day temperatures between 21 and 30°C with night temperatures between 19 and 25° were used, no significant differences in fruit set were found, although shoot growth increased with increasing night temperature. Shoot elongation slowed down during periods of applied water stress but recovered, when the stress was ended, to a rate greater than that of plants which had not been stressed.

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperature Differentials on Root Elongation Rate, Root Hydraulic Properties, and Shoot Water Relations in Chrysanthemum

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Pauline Helen Kaufmann ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Root Elongation Rate ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Maximum Root

The difference between night and day temperature (DIF = day - night temperature) has been shown to affect plant height. A positive DIF (+DIF), cooler night than day temperature, increases stem elongation while a negative DIF (- DIF), warmer night than day temperature, decreases stem elongation. The physiological mechanism underlying the growth response to DIF is not understood, however, and the effects of day/night temperature differentials on root permeability to water and root elongation rate have not been studied. The objective of this study was to describe how +DIF and -DIF temperature regimes affect leaf water relations, root water flux (Jv), root hydraulic conductivity (Lp), and root elongation rates of `Boaldi' chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. `Boaldi' (syn. Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat.)] plants over time. Leaf turgor pressure (ψp) was 0.1 to 0.2 MPa higher in plants grown in a +6 °C DIF environment throughout both the light and dark periods, relative to those in a -6 °C DIF environment. Jv differed markedly in roots of plants grown in +DIF vs. -DIF environments. Rhythmic diurnal patterns of Jv were observed in all DIF treatments, but the relative timing of flux minima and maxima differed among treatments. Plants grown in positive DIF regimes exhibited maximum root flux at the beginning of the light period, while those in negative DIF environments had maximum root flux during the first few hours of the dark period. Plants grown in +DIF had significantly higher Lp than -DIF plants. Plants grown in +DIF and -DIF environments showed differences in the diurnal rhythm of root elongation. During the dark period, +DIF plants exhibited minimal root elongation rates, while -DIF plants exhibited maximal rates. During the light period, the converse was observed. In -DIF temperature regimes, periods of rapid root elongation coincided with periods of high Jv. Results of this study suggest that negative DIF environments lead to leaf turgor reductions and markedly alter diurnal patterns of root elongation. These changes may, in turn, act to reduce stem elongation.

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