Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas maltophilia Singly and in Combination on the Relative Nutritive Value of Fermented Corn Meal

One-step fermentation involving two microorganisms inoculated at the same time and two-step fermentations involving two inoculations of different microbes at different times were used to enrich corn meal. Starch in corn meal was first hydrolyzed by amylases of B. stearothermophilus, E. fibuligera or A. oryzae followed by the growth of C. utilis. The combination of E. fibuligera and C. utilis produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in lysine, methionine, tryptophan. The relative nutritive value (%), which reflected the amino acid balance, increased significantly (P<0.05) with this sequence of microorganisms. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin increased significantly (P<0.05) when mixed cultures of A. oryzae and E. fibuligera in combination with C. utilis were employed. When E. fibuligera alone was grown, no significant change was observed in thiamin content but significant increases occurred in niacin and riboflavin. A. oryzae by itself produced significant (P<0.05) changes in niacin, riboflavin and thiamin.

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Nutritional Improvement of Corn Meal by Fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis and Enterobacter cloacae1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-53.3.245 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MARION L. FIELDS ◽

FU GEN YOA

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Mixed Cultures ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Nutritional Improvement ◽

Tryptophan Content ◽

Relative Nutritive Value

Fermentation of corn meal by Bacillus licheniformis strain 6 significantly (P<0.05) increased the percent relative nutritive value (%RNV). Both B. licheniformis strain 6 and Enterobacter cloacae strain 18 significantly (P<0.05) increased the methionine and tryptophan content. Only E. cloacae increased the lysine content. Both bacteria increased total folacin significantly (P<0.05). A pH of 7–8, a temperature of 35°C, and a fermentation time of 4–6 days resulted in higher yields of total folacin than other combinations of conditions. Mixed cultures of the two bacteria increased lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and total folacin (P<0.05) when compared to nonfermented corn meal.

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GERMINATION AND RELATIVE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN MEAL AND CORN CHIPS

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb08545.x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 936-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

NORMAH BINTE HASIM ◽

M. L. FIELDS

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Meal ◽

Relative Nutritive Value

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Intracellular localization of the mycobacterial stressosome complex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89069-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malavika Ramesh ◽

Ram Gopal Nitharwal ◽

Phani Rama Krishna Behra ◽

B. M. Fredrik Pettersson ◽

Santanu Dasgupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Intracellular Localization ◽

Sigma Factors ◽

Alternative Sigma Factors ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Molecular Machinery ◽

Stress Signals ◽

Activation Pathways

AbstractMicroorganisms survive stresses by alternating the expression of genes suitable for surviving the immediate and present danger and eventually adapt to new conditions. Many bacteria have evolved a multiprotein "molecular machinery" designated the "Stressosome" that integrates different stress signals and activates alternative sigma factors for appropriate downstream responses. We and others have identified orthologs of some of the Bacillus subtilis stressosome components, RsbR, RsbS, RsbT and RsbUVW in several mycobacteria and we have previously reported mutual interactions among the stressosome components RsbR, RsbS, RsbT and RsbUVW from Mycobacterium marinum. Here we provide evidence that "STAS" domains of both RsbR and RsbS are important for establishing the interaction and thus critical for stressosome assembly. Fluorescence microscopy further suggested co-localization of RsbR and RsbS in multiprotein complexes visible as co-localized fluorescent foci distributed at scattered locations in the M. marinum cytoplasm; the number, intensity and distribution of such foci changed in cells under stressed conditions. Finally, we provide bioinformatics data that 17 (of 244) mycobacteria, which lack the RsbRST genes, carry homologs of Bacillus cereus genes rsbK and rsbM indicating the existence of alternative σF activation pathways among mycobacteria.

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