Modelling global insect pest species assemblages to determine risk of invasion

Abstract Background Insect pests are a significant threat to natural resources and social development. Modeling species assemblages of insect pests can predict spatiotemporal pest dynamics. However, research gaps remain regarding the mechanism for determining species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems. Here, we explored these determinants using a field investigation conducted for insect pests in a region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We assessed the species assemblages of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems based on species co-occurrence patterns and species diversity (i.e., observed diversity, dark diversity, community completeness, and species pool). A probabilistic model was used to test for statistically significant pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence using the presence-absence matrix of pest species based on species interactions. We used ordinary least squares regression modeling to explore relationships between abiotic factors (i.e., climate factors and human influence) and species diversity. Results Positive pest species interactions and many association links can occur widely across different investigation sites and parts of plant hosts in alpine forest ecosystems. We detected high dark diversity and low community completeness of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems. High temperature and precipitation could promote pest species diversity, particularly dark diversity and species pools. Human influence could drive high levels of pest species diversity and lead to dark diversity and species pools. Community completeness could be an effective indicator for insect pest risk assessment. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence for the determinants of insect pest species assemblages in alpine forest ecosystems from the perspectives of pest species interactions and abiotic factors. The findings of our study could reveal the mechanism for shaping species assemblages and support the prevention and control of insect pests in alpine forest ecosystems.

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Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0190-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hosam M. K. H. El-Gepaly

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Pest Species ◽

Parasitoid Species ◽

Insect Fauna ◽

Cryptoblabes Gnidiella ◽

Arthropod Species ◽

Lepidopteran Pests ◽

Major Pest

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid, Eublemma (Autoba) gayneri (Roth.); the pyralid, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Millière, and the cosmopterigid, Pyroderces simplex Walsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species, Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of the E. gayneri and C. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid, Brachymeria aegyptiaca (Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, and Orius spp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especially P. simplex recorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.

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Increasingly favourable winter temperature conditions for major crop and forest insect pest species in Switzerland

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 298-299 ◽

pp. 108315

Author(s):

Léonard Schneider ◽

Valentin Comte ◽

Martine Rebetez

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Winter Temperature ◽

Pest Species ◽

Forest Insect ◽

Temperature Conditions

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A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v25i1.55176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

MP Ali ◽

B Nessa ◽

MT Khatun ◽

MU Salam ◽

MS Kabir

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Mobile App ◽

Rice Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pest Species ◽

Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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Evaluation of New Systemic Insecticides for Elm Insect Pest Control

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-14.1.22 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Casey Sclar ◽

Whitney S. Cranshaw

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Pest Species ◽

Shade Trees ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

Systemic Activity ◽

Systemic Insecticides

Abstract Use of systemic insecticides that can be injected either into the root system or trunk of woody plants provides several potential advantages, notably in control of drift during application. Recently, new classes of insecticides with systemic activity have been developed, which may supplant the organophosphate and carbamate systemic insecticides that have previously been available. To evaluate their potential to control insects affecting shade trees, studies were conducted using imidacloprid and abamectin on elm. Soil injections of imidacloprid appeared particularly effective, controlling all three of the target pest species in this study (elm leaf beetle, European elm scale, elm leaf aphid). Both imidacloprid and abamectin also were effective against at least some elm insects when injected into trunks. Persistence of irnidacloprid was unusually long, providing second season control of all elm insect pests, although root uptake following soil injections was slow.

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EFFECT OF TWO INSECT VIRUSES AND TWO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON LARVAL AND PUPAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (FAB.) (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1221039-9 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (5) ◽

pp. 1039-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D.W. Goerzen ◽

M.A. Erlandson ◽

K.C. Moore

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Microbial Control ◽

Western Canada ◽

Pest Species ◽

Megachile Rotundata ◽

Pupal Development ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Alfalfa Seed ◽

Beneficial Insect

The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.), is an important pollinator of alfalfa in western Canada and is widely utilized for alfalfa seed production (Richards 1984). As a beneficial insect, the alfalfa leafcutting bee must be considered, along with the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as a non-target organism of importance in evaluations of potential microbial control agents for use against major insect pest species on the Canadian prairies.

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Chlorpyrifos-methyl as a Protectant of Farmers Stock Peanuts1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-15-1-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

F. H. Arthur ◽

L. M. Redlinger ◽

R. A. Simonaitis

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Pest Species

Abstract Runner variety farmers stock peanuts were treated with either distilled water, 52 ppm malathion. or chlorpyrifosmethyl (CM) applied at 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm, held in a metal shed and artificially infested with insect pest species commonly found in stored peanuts. Peanuts were sampled at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months post-treatment. After 6 months ca 22% of loose-shelled kernels (LSK) in malathion-treated peanuts were damaged by insects; after 9 and 12 months damage increased to 36 and 49%. In contrast, LSK damage in peanuts treated with CM exceeded 6% after 9 and 12 months only in the 10 ppm treatment. Damage to kernels from cracked pods in malathion-treated peanuts was 6.9 and 11.2% after 9 and 12 months, respectively, but damaged cracked pod kernels exceeded 2% only in the 10 ppm CM treatment at 12 months. Degradation of CM residues occurred more slowly than malathion residues during the final 6 months of the test.

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Biosecurity risks of invasive alien insect pest species pathways through shared borders with Nigeria

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v16i2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

B.O. Bobadoye ◽

A.O. Bobadoye

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Pest Species ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Border Line ◽

National Border ◽

Alien Pest ◽

Alien Insect

Understanding the biosecurity risks that invasive alien insect pest species currently ravaging forest trees pose is of great importance to forest ecosystems and health. This problem has posed significant challenges to researchers, relevant stakeholders, policy makers and national biosecurity agencies worldwide. This study gives an overview of the top 15 suspected insect pest species most likely to invade or have already invaded forested habitats in order to disrupt ecosystem services and biodiversity within the borders of Nigeria through borderline states (Gombe, Jigawa, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Cross River and Lagos). For Nigeria as a whole, all of these top 15 pest species have already established, with identified intra- border line states having no significant effect on severity of invasions ( F1,6=0.07, P=0.910) when compared to identified inter-border line states. This study concludes that the immediate biosecurity risks from already identified invasive insect pests are greater from outside country (inter) borders of Nigeria than within state-to-state (intra) borders of Nigeria. Our findings have potentially significant implications for immediate implementation of national biosecurity forest policy Acts in compliance with Cartagena and Nagoya protocols, emphasizing the need to initiate and implement biosecurity measures simultaneously with any ongoing trans-national border interventions. Keywords: Biosecurity, invasive alien pest species, forests, Nigeria

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DNA barcodes for insect pest identification: a test case with tussock moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-276 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 337-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Shelley L Ball ◽

Karen F Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Reference Sequence ◽

Identification System ◽

Pest Species ◽

Dna Barcodes ◽

Data Set

Reliable and rapid identification of exotic pest species is critical to biosecurity. However, identification of morphologically indistinct specimens, such as immature life stages, that are frequently intercepted at borders is often impossible. Several DNA-based methods have been used for species identification; however, a more universal and anticipatory identification system is needed. Consequently, we tested the ability of DNA "barcodes" to identify species of tussock moths (Lymantriidae), a family containing several important pest species. We sequenced a 617 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase 1 for 20 lymantriid species. We used these, together with other Noctuoidea species sequences from GenBank and the Barcoding of Life Database to create a "profile" or reference sequence data set. We then tested the ability of this profile to provide correct species identifications for 93 additional lymantriid specimens from a data set of mock unknowns. Of the unknowns, 100% were correctly identified by the cytochrome c oxidase 1 profile. Mean interspecific sequence (Kimura 2-parameter) divergence was an order of magnitude greater (14%) than mean intraspecific divergence (<1%). Four species showed deeper genetic divergences among populations. We conclude that DNA barcodes provide a highly accurate means of identifying lymantriid species and show considerable promise as a universal approach to DNA-based identification of pest insects.

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