Do Communicants Transmit Information in Course of Speech Communication?

The article questions if human speech communication (SC) involves a transfer of information. The information functioning in speech communication is dwelled upon in the information and systemic activity approaches. The informational approach adequately explains only the direct method of information transfer, while the systemic activity approach is relevant for the sign-mediated speech communication typical for human interaction. The more heuristic thesis is that the perception of the chain of linguistic sign bodies produced in the intersubjective space only starts the construction of the perceived speech message content by the recipient. The completeness of the constructed speech message content depends entirely on the recipient, who has the optimal common consciousness with the speaker. The purpose of speech messages is not the actual construction of the content by the recipient, but the development of the message personal meaning. In human speech communication, the communicants do not transmit information, but use verbal signs bodies to actualize images of consciousness which are developed within a single ethnic culture and therefore are common for them. The incentive for the common consciousness development by the communicants is their participation in joint activities that ensure their earthly existence.

MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL AND LABOR SOCIALIZATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURE AND ITS ANALYSIS

В этой статье затрагивается проблема профессионально-трудовой социализации. Нами исследована проблема профессиональной и трудовой социализации и проанализированы научные подходы к созданию эффективной модели профессиональной и трудовой социализации будущих специалистов. В частности, используются три научных подхода: системный, деятельностный и интегративно-средовой. На наш взгляд, выбранные научные подходы и их сочетание в полной мере позволят подойти к формированию модели профессиональной и трудовой социализации. Следовательно, это поможет нам приблизиться к решению рассматриваемой проблемы процесса профессионально-трудовой социализации. Кроме того, в статье анализируется опыт других ученых, которые проводят исследования в этом направлении или используют нужные нам научные подходы. На основе данного опыта мы переходим к непосредственному созданию модели профессионально-трудовой социализации. Нами сформирована модель для успешного осуществления процесса профессионально-трудовой социализации будущих специалистов сферы культуры, а также выделены необходимые условия и проведен анализ необходимой модели в целом. This article touches upon the problem of professional and labor socialization. We have investigated the problem of professional and labor socialization and analyzed scientific approaches to creating an effective model of professional and labor socialization of future specialists. In particular, three scientific approaches were used, which are systemic, activity-based and integrative-environmental. In our opinion, the selected scientific approaches and their combination will fully allow us to approach the formation of a model of professional and labor socialization. Consequently this will help us get closer to solving the considered problem of the process of professional and labor socialization. In addition, the article analyzes the experience of other scientists who conduct research in this direction or use the scientific approaches we need. Based on this experience, we turn to the direct creation of a model of professional and labor socialization. We have formed a model for the successful implementation of the process of professional and labor socialization of future specialists in culture. The paper also reveals the necessary conditions and presents the analysis of the necessary model as a whole.

Modern groups of insecticides: diamides and meta-diamides

The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign authors on the practical efficacy, mechanisms of action and insect resistance concerning insecticides of the groups of diamides and meta-diamides. The prospects of their application in Russia in agriculture and medical disinsection are considered. Insects resistant to OР’s, carbamates, pyrethroids remain the susceptibility to diamides and meta-diamides. Broflanilide, a pro-insecticide, which, due to its transformation into desmethylbroflanilide in the body of arthropods, acquires physicochemical properties leading to improved lipophilicity, water solubility, stability, affecting systemic activity, slowing down the action on harmful insects and increased selectivity for non-target species, is considered in detail. In several countries of the world where diamides are widely used in the controlling agricultural pests, a high resistance of several species of noctuids, diamondback moth, pyralid moths, tomato leafminer, etc. has been established. The key factors that determined the resistance to diamide in Thailand were the lack of insecticide rotation, minimal crop rotation, insufficient insecticide dosage, and irrigation. The necessity of introducing diamides and meta-diamides into the insecticide rotation schemes in order to control the insects resistant to traditionally used active substances was revealed.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF MARKETING RESEARCH FOR TOURISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of the article is, taking into account the importance of marketing research in the field of tourism, to propose an adequate marketing strategy for a tourism enterprise in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology – the application of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as the use of systemic, activity-based, histori- cal approaches. The scientific novelty is in the proposals for solving problems in the field of tourism, in particular, in conducting marketing research at travel companies in the conditions of Covid-19. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that tourism organizations require market monitoring in the context of Covid-19, constant and consistent marketing research in connection with the reformatting of the market with new challenges of the time. Keywords: marketing research, pandemic, Covid-19, tourism product, tourism

Prospects for intensifying the promotion of Ukrainian goods and services on foreign markets by trade diplomacy

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features and effectiveness of Ukraine’s trade diplomacy at the present stage, in particular in the field of promoting domestic goods for services to international markets. The research methodology consists in the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as in the use of systemic, activity- based and historical approaches. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that the article presents proposals for solving the problem of enhancing the promotion of Ukrainian goods and services to foreign markets by means of trade diplomacy. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that the further development of Ukraine’s trade diplomacy, basically, comes down to the pro-European direction and is closely related to the prospects for the implementation of «industrial visa- free» with the EU within the framework of the ACAA Agreement. Key words: trade diplomacy, foreign trade policy of the state, efficiency, diplomatic relations, the art of negotiations, marketing research, strategies.

Lanthanum(III) triggers AtrbohD- and jasmonic acid-dependent systemic endocytosis in plants

Trivalent rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in agriculture. Aerially applied REEs enter leaf epidermal cells by endocytosis and act systemically to improve the growth of the whole plant. The mechanistic basis of their systemic activity is unclear. Here, we show that treatment of Arabidopsis leaves with trivalent lanthanum [La(III)], a representative of REEs, triggers systemic endocytosis from leaves to roots. La(III)-induced systemic endocytosis requires AtrbohD-mediated reactive oxygen species production and jasmonic acid. Systemic endocytosis impacts the accumulation of mineral elements and the development of roots consistent with the growth promoting effects induced by aerially applied REEs. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of REE activity in plants.

Feasibility and Biological Activity of a Ketogenic/Intermittent-Fasting Diet in Patients With Glioma

OBJECTIVE:To examine the feasibility, safety, systemic biological activity, and cerebral activity of a ketogenic dietary intervention in patients with glioma.METHODS:25 patients with biopsy-confirmed WHO Grade 2-4 astrocytoma with stable disease following adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in an 8-week GLioma Atkins-based Diet (GLAD). GLAD consisted of 2 fasting days (calories<20% calculated estimated needs) interleaved between 5 modified Atkins diet days (net carbohydrates≤20 gm/day) each week. The primary outcome was dietary adherence by food records. Markers of systemic and cerebral activity included weekly urine ketones, serum insulin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, IGF-1, and MR spectroscopy at baseline and week 8.RESULTS:21 patients completed the study (84%). 80% of patients reached ≥40 mg/dL urine acetoacetate during the study. 48% of patients were adherent by food record. The diet was well-tolerated with two grade 3 adverse events (neutropenia, seizure). Measures of systemic activity including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and fat body mass decreased significantly, while lean body mass increased. MR spectroscopy demonstrated increased ketone concentrations (β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetone (Ace)) in both lesional and contralateral brain, compared to baseline. Average ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketones in lesional (tumor) and contralateral brain (bHB Rs 0.52, p=0.05). Sub-group analysis of IDH-mutant glioma showed no differences in cerebral metabolites after controlling for ketonuria.CONCLUSIONS:The GLAD dietary intervention, while demanding, produced meaningful ketonuria, and significant systemic and cerebral metabolic changes in participants. Ketonuria in participants correlated with cerebral ketone concentration and appear to be a better indicator of systemic activity than patient-reported food records.

Paediatric reference range for overnight urinary cortisol corrected for creatinine

Objectives Systemic activity of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may be assessed via urinary cortisol measurement. Overnight urinary free cortisol corrected for creatinine (OUFCC) has been extensively reported in adult studies. However, a paediatric mass spectrometric (MS) reference range for OUFCC is not established. MS methods for OUFCC avoid cross-reactivity with other steroid hormones and are thus preferable to immunoassays. The aim of the present study was to define an MS OUFCC normative range in children. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of healthy pre-pubertal children from 5 to 11 years. Children collected urine from 10 pm or bedtime, whichever was earlier, until 8 am. Urinary free cortisol was measured via a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay (Acquity UPLC with Xevo TQ-S Mass Spectrometer [Waters]) with in-house reagents. Urinary creatinine was measured using a commercial assay (Roche). Results Complete urine collections were obtained from 72 males and 70 females, mean age (SD) 8.6 (1.9) (range 5.0–11.8) years. The OUFCC 95% prediction interval was 1.7–19.8 nmol/mmol. Geometric mean OUFCC was 5.7; range 1.1–24.8 nmol/mmol. Conclusions The obtained normative LC-MS/MS OUFCC reference data facilitate the use of mass spectrometry OUFCC assays in assessment of systemic activity of endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids in children.

DDRE-31. FEASIBILITY AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF A KETOGENIC / INTERMITTENT FASTING DIET IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

BACKGROUND There has been increasing interest in exploring ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) in patients with glioma given the poor prognosis. The purpose of this single-arm, open label phase 2 study was to rigorously examine the feasibility, safety, systemic biological activity, and cerebral activity of a KDT in patients with glioma. METHODS 25 patients with biopsy-confirmed WHO Grade 2–4 astrocytoma with stable disease following adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in an 8-week GLioma Atkins-based Diet (GLAD). GLAD consisted of 2 fasting days (calories&lt;20% calculated estimated needs) interleaved between 5 modified Atkins diet days (net carbohydrates≤20 gm/day) each week. The primary outcome was dietary adherence by food records. Markers of systemic and cerebral activity included weekly urine ketones, serum insulin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, IGF-1, and MR spectroscopy at baseline and week 8. RESULTS 21 patients completed the study. 80% of patients reached ≥40 mg/dL urine acetoacetate during the study. 48% of patients were adherent by food record. The diet was well-tolerated with two grade 3 adverse events (neutropenia, seizure). Measures of systemic activity including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and fat body mass decreased significantly, while lean body mass increased. MR spectroscopy demonstrated increased ketone concentrations (β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetone (Ace)) in both lesional and contralateral brain, compared to baseline. Higher total choline (tCho) and glutamine (Gln) levels were observed in lesional as compared to contralateral brain at baseline, and both decreased following intervention. Average ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketones in lesional (tumor) and contralateral brain (bHB Rs0.52, p=0.05). There were no differences in cerebral metabolites in IDH-mutant glioma after controlling for ketonuria. CONCLUSIONS The GLAD dietary intervention, while demanding, produced meaningful ketonuria, and significant systemic and cerebral metabolic changes in participants. Participant ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketone concentration and appears to be a better indicator of systemic activity than patient-reported food records.