The impact of arthropods on fungal community structure in Lascaux Cave

Recent advocacy for Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) in smallholder farming systems in east and southern Africa show substantial evidence of increased and sustained crop yields associated with enhanced soil productivity. However, the impact ISFM on soil fungi has received limited attention, yet fungi play key roles in crop growth. Following total soil DNA extraction with ZR soil microbe miniprep kit, illumina sequencing was used to, examine the fungal communities (ITS1F) under a maize crop following co-application of organic nutrient resources including Crotalaria juncea, cattle manure and maize stover with inorganic fertilizers at three-time periods (T1-December, T2-January, and T3-February) in Zimbabwe. Ninety-five fungal species were identified that were assigned to Ascomycota (>90%), Basidiomycota (7%) and Zygomycota (1%). At T1, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified across treatments, with Ascomycota attaining > 93% frequency. Fungal succession was noted and involved reduction of Ascomycota coupled by increase in Basidiomycota under the different treatments. For example at T3, Basidiomycota increased to 34% while Ascomycota declined to 66% under manure but remained unchanged in other two organics. Pre-season mineral nitrogen (N) associated with the ‘Birch effect’ apparently influenced the fungal community structure at T1 while readily available fertilizer N was critical at T2 and T3. The low-quality maize stover promoted the presence of Exophiala sp SST 2011 and this was linked to N immobilization. The impact of N addition was more pronounced under medium (manure) to low-quality (maize stover) resources. Fungi required phosphorus (P) and N for survival while their proliferation was dependent on substrate availability linked to resource quality. Interactive-forward test indicated that soil available P and N were most influential (P < 0.05) factors shaping fungal communities. Co-application of medium to high quality organic and inorganic resources show promise as a sustainable entry point towards enhancing belowground fungal diversity critical in driving nutrient supply.

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Impact of Eukaryotic Enteric Pathogens on Malian Children’s Gut Mycobiota

10.20944/preprints202009.0584.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aly Kodio ◽

Estelle Menu ◽

Safiatou Doumbo ◽

Drissa Coulibaly ◽

Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Giardia Intestinalis ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

The Impact

Eukaryotic enteric pathogens (EEP) are a public health issue in tropical areas. Yet, their interactions with the gut mycobiota remain poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Malian children to analyze the impact of EEP on the gut fungal community. EEP were assessed by qPCR and the gut mycobiota was characterized by ITS1-2 metabarcoding in stool samples collected from 296 children. The 100 controls, in whom no EEP was detected, were compared to: a) 196 children with ≥1 EEP; b) 91 with only Blastocystis; c) 35 with only Giardia intestinalis; and d) 12 with another (&lt;1% each) EPP. The gut fungal community structure was homogenous in each children’s group. Linear size-effect discriminant analysis highlighted five relatively more abundant species, including Fusarium longipes and Penicillium caseifulvum, in children with ≥1 EEP, whereas 28, including Aspergillus sydowii and Microdochium colombiense were more abundant in controls. Fusarium, Pyxidiophora, and Stereum abundance was higher in Blastocystis-infected children, whereas Ogataea and Allocryptovalsa were more abundant in controls. Sordariales and Mortierellales abundance was higher in Giardia intestinalis-infected children, whereas Agaricales and Capnodiales abundance was higher in controls. In conclusion, EEP do not significantly alter the gut fungal community structure, and further studies are warranted to confirm our findings that particular taxa are associated with susceptibility or resistance to specific EEP.

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Determination of the impact of continuous defoliation of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens on bacterial and fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s00374-004-0811-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. J. Clayton ◽

C. D. Clegg ◽

P. J. Murray ◽

P. J. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

The Impact

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Microbial processes and fungal community structure in soils from clear-cut and unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b98-048 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 630-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

APC Houston ◽

S Visser ◽

R A Lautenschlager

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Microbial Processes ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Mixedwood Forests ◽

The Impact

Decomposer fungi and microbial processes were examined in harvested and adjacent unharvested areas of two mixedwood forests in northwestern Ontario. Seven to 9 years following harvesting, organic and mineral soil from treated and control areas was sampled with the objective of examining the impact of clear-cutting and site preparation on soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (C), metabolic quotients (qCO2), microbial C to organic C ratios (Cmic:Corg), nitrogen mineralization, and fungal community structure. Relative sensitivity of fungal community indices at species and genus levels was also examined. Soil microbial processes and fungal community structure were similar in harvested and unharvested stands. Although reductions were not significant, basal respiration, microbial biomass C, qCO2, Cmic:Corg, and nitrogen mineralization tended to be lower in organic soil from the harvested sites than the unharvested sites, with the exception of qCO2. Fungal community structure indicated by rank abundance curves and indices of fungal richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance was similar in harvested and unharvested soil. When comparing organic and mineral soil layers, fungal richness, diversity, and community composition corresponded more closely in the harvested sites than unharvested sites. The isolation frequencies of all frequently found fungal species were equivalent in harvested and unharvested soil. In this study, identifying fungi to the genus level instead of the species level did not alter any major conclusions.Key words: harvesting, fungal community, microbial processes.

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