Autism in immigrants: a population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas

Aim. The present population-based study aimed to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and itsrelated components in Iranian youth in the different sex, age, and residential subgroups.Method. Overall, 1039 junior high school and 953 high school students were selected using multistage random sampling. Fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were determined. Trained individuals measured waist circumference and blood pressure. Subjects with MetS were selected according to two definitions provided by the IDF and de Ferranti.Results. Among girls in intervention area, hypertriglyceridemia was more prevalent in rural than in urban areas using IDF definition. Significant differences were observed between boys in rural and urban areas regarding some components of metabolic syndrome including hypertriglyceridemia and high waist circumference. Besides, boys who are residents in urban areas had higher blood pressure, as well as higher waist circumference, than boys in rural areas.Conclusion. Our youth population is at significant risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and the pattern of this phenomenon seems to be discrepant in boys as well as in rural and urban areas probably due to the different lifestyle aspects, genetic factors, and racial differences.

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Erratum to: Epidemiology of dementia in Central Africa (EPIDEMCA): protocol for a multicentre population-based study in rural and urban areas of the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo

SpringerPlus ◽

10.1186/s40064-016-2094-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maëlenn Guerchet ◽

◽

Pascal Mbelesso ◽

Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi ◽

Sophie Pilleron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Central African Republic ◽

Central Africa ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽

The Republic

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Changing Incidence of Uterine Cancer in Rural Egypt: Possible Impact of Nutritional and Epidemiologic Transitions

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.00255 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Saad Alshahrani ◽

Ahmed Hablas ◽

Robert M. Chamberlain ◽

Jane Meza ◽

Steven Remmenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Uterine Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Urban Residence ◽

Middle Income ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Low Incidence

PURPOSE Uterine cancer is a top-ranking women’s cancer worldwide, with wide incidence variations across countries and by rural and urban areas. Hormonal exposures and access to health care vary between rural and urban areas, globally. Egypt has an overall low incidence of uterine cancer but variable rural and urban lifestyles. Are there changes in the incidence of uterine cancer in rural and urban areas in middle-income countries such as Egypt? No previous studies have addressed this question from a well-characterized and validated population-based cancer registry resource in middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in clinical and demographic characteristics of uterine cancer over the period of 1999 to 2010 in rural and urban Gharbiah province, Egypt. METHODS Data were abstracted for all 660 patients with uterine cancer included in the Gharbiah Population-based Cancer Registry. Clinical variables included tumor location, histopathologic diagnosis, stage, grade, and treatment. Demographic variables included age, rural or urban residence, parity, and occupation. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) and rate ratios by rural or urban residence were calculated. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in most clinical and demographic characteristics between rural and urban patients. The age standardized IR (ASR) was 2.5 times higher in urban than in rural areas (6.9 and 2.8 per 100,000 in urban and rural areas, respectively). The rate ratio showed that the IR in urban areas was 2.46 times the rate in rural areas. CONCLUSION This study showed that the disease IR in rural areas has increased in the past decade but is still low compared with the incidence in urban areas in Egypt, which did not show a significant increase in incidence. Nutritional transitions, obesity, and epidemiologic and lifestyle changes toward Westernization may have led to IRs increasing more in rural than in urban areas in Egypt. This pattern of increasing incidence in Egypt, which used to have a low incidence of uterine cancer, may appear in other middle-income countries that experience emerging nutritional and epidemiologic transitions. The rate of uterine cancer in urban areas in Gharbiah is almost similar to the corresponding rates globally. However, the rate in rural areas in this population has increased over the past decade but is still lower than the corresponding global rates. Future studies should examine the etiologic factors related to increasing rates in rural areas and quantify the improvement in rural case finding.

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The Differences of Population Birth Defects in Epidemiology Analysis between the Rural and Urban Areas of Hunan Province in China, 2014–2018

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/2732983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Lili Xiong ◽

Qiongying Chen ◽

Aihua Wang ◽

Fanjuan Kong ◽

Donghua Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Based ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

Objectives. To compare the differences of epidemiology analysis in population birth defects (BDs) between the rural and urban areas of Hunan Province in China. Methods. The data of population-based BDs in Liuyang county (rural) and Shifeng district (urban) in Hunan Province for 2014–2018 were analyzed. BD prevalence rates, percentage change, and annual percentage change (APC) by sex and age were calculated to evaluate time trends. Risk factors associated with BDs were assessed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results. The BD prevalence rate per 10,000 perinatal infants (PIs) was 220.54 (95% CI: 211.26-230.13) in Liuyang and 181.14 (95% CI: 161.18-202.87) in Shifeng. Significant decreasing trends in BD prevalence rates were noted in the female PIs ( APC = − 9.31 , P = 0.044 ) and the total BD prevalence rate in Shifeng ( APC = − 14.14 , P = 0.039 ). Risk factors for BDs were as follows: rural area, male PIs, PIs with gestational age < 37 weeks, PIs with birth weight < 2500 g , and migrant pregnancies. Conclusions. We should focus on rural areas, reduce the prevalence of premature and low birth weight infants, and provide maternal healthcare services for migrant pregnancies for BD prevention from the perspective of population-based BD surveillance.

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Haemophilus influenzae colonization and its risk factors in children aged <2 years in northern India

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880800071x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. SEKHAR ◽

A. CHAKRABORTI ◽

R. KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Group ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Northern India ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Target Children

SUMMARYThe disease burden and the age group of children most affected by Haemophilus influenzae remain controversial particularly in many countries of South Asia. Nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae can indicate the transmission dynamics in these settings. In a prospective population-based study, nasopharyngeal swabs from 1000 children aged <2 years, belonging to various socioeconomic groups from rural and urban areas of northern India were taken. The prevalence of H. influenzae carriage was found to be 11·2%. Among these isolates, 69% belonged to type b and the rest were non-typable. The age group most affected was 18–21 months. The carriage rate was influenced by age and socioeconomic factors namely type of housing, overcrowding, and season. Hib carriage is quite common in northern India and it is associated with age, type of housing, overcrowding, and season. Since carriage gets established early, Hib vaccination should target children in early infancy.

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P2-069: The use of drugs in demented and non-demented people according to living situation; a comparison between rural and urban areas-results from SNAC, a population-based multicenter study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1115 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. S333-S333

Author(s):

Anders B. Sköldunger ◽

Britt-Marie Sjölund ◽

Kristina Johnell ◽

Anders Wimo

Keyword(s):

Multicenter Study ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Based ◽

Living Situation ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

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Patterns of and Copying with Cyberbullying in Croatia

The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine ◽

10.5750/ijpcm.v4i4.489 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

Gordana Buljan Flander ◽

Domagoj Stimac ◽

Ella Selak Bagaric ◽

Maks Vinscak

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Child Protection ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Based ◽

Academic Community ◽

Future Research ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Abusive Behavior ◽

Rural And Urban

Aims. Children’s online activities can result in serious consequences in their offline lives. Although Facebook is one of the biggest and most popular social networks in the world, there is little scientific research on cyberbullying via this social network because it is a new phenomenon. This study had the aim of examining children's behavior and experiences of violence on the Facebook social network. This seems to be the first research on cyberbullying on social networks in Croatia.Methods. Data presented in this paper were collected as part of an extensive research project conducted in 2013 by NGO Brave Phone and The Child Protection Center of Zagreb. The sample consisted of 1,489 children in Croatia aged 11 to 18 in rural and urban areas that completed the Scale of Victimization on Facebook and Scale of Committing Violence via Facebook.Results. Our results show that the average age when cyberbullying is most prevalent is between the ages of 15 and 16. In the overall sample, 12.1% of them experience abuse on Facebook, while 9.6% of them are abusive. The analysis of the children who were involved in abuse on Facebook in any way, showed that 44.4% of them experienced abuse, 29.7% showed abusive behavior, while 25.9% of children both experienced abuse and were abusive on Facebook. Victims are mostly girls (60%), while boys commit cyberbullying more often (62%). Also, 58% of mixed cybervictims and cyberbullies are boys.Discussion. The results of prevalence of cyberbullying in our study are similar to those of previous population based studies. It is important to point out that although the prevalence of bullying was high; it is mostly a rare experience for the majority of children.Conclusions. Cyberbullying is a serious and growing problem and the academic community has to continue with the extensive research and development of practical prevention and intervention programs. Future research aimed at examining methods of coping with negative experiences on the Internet is necessary and there is a strong need for more research considering coping strategies of adolescents struggling with cyber victimization.

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