A case-control study of maternal smoking and congenital malformations

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Van Den Eeden ◽  
Margaret R. Karagas ◽  
Janet R. Daling ◽  
Thomas L. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Testing for Interaction between Maternal Smoking and TGFA Genotype among Oral Cleft Cases Born in Maryland 1992–1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri H. Beaty ◽  
Nancy E. Maestri ◽  
Jacqueline B. Hetmanski ◽  
Diego F. Wyszynski ◽  
Craig A. Vanderkolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Oral Cleft ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Infants born in Maryland between June 1992 and June 1996 were used in a case-control study of nonsyndromic oral clefts to test for effects of maternal smoking and a polymorphic genetic marker at the transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus, both of which have been reported to be risk factors for these common birth defects. Design and Setting: Cases were infants with an oral cleft ascertained through three comprehensive treatment centers, with additional ascertainment through a registry of birth defects maintained by the Maryland Health Department. Controls were healthy infants. Medical history information on infants and mothers were collected, along with DNA samples Patients, Participants: Among 286 cases contacted (72% ascertainment), there were 192 nonsyndromic isolated oral clefts (106 M; 86 F) available for this case-control study. Main Outcome Measures: The largest group of 149 Caucasian nonsyndromic cases and 86 controls was used to test for association with maternal smoking and genotype at the Taq1 polymorphism in TGFA. Results: While this modest sample had limited statistical power to detect gene-environment interaction, there was a significant marginal Increase In risk of having an oral cleft If the mother smoked (odds ratio = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.01 to 3.02). We could not demonstrate statistical interaction between maternal smoking and TGFA genotype in this study, however, and the observed increase in the C2 allele among cases was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We could not confirm either the reported association between oral clefts and TGFA genotype or its interaction with maternal smoking. However, these data do show an increased risk if the mother smoked during pregnancy, and this effect was greatest among infants with a bilateral cleft and no close family history of clefts.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Heart Disease in Patients Presenting to Aljalila Cardiology Clinic between January 2020- May 2020: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Samah Alasrawi ◽  
◽  
Hessa Almansoori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cardiology Clinic ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To investigate the association of maternal diabetes, maternal smoking and syndromes with congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients attending Aljalila cardiology clinic between January 2020 and May of 2020. Methods: A case control study to assess the association of maternal diabetes, maternal smoking and syndromes with CHD. All patients that presented to the clinic between January 2020 and May of 2020 were included. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to record the presence of maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, and the type of syndrome and type of CHD. Patients with CHD were included in the case group and patients who did not have CHD were in the control group. Age, gender, and nationality were also collected from the hospital records. Fisher exact test and logistic regression was used to analyze the results. Results: A total of 177 cases and 211 controls were recruited. All the risk factors increase the risk of CHD, with maternal diabetes (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.7-14.6) having the strongest association, then syndromes (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.3) and lastly maternal smoking (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.0-16.3). The most common type of CHD is ventricular septal defect. Conclusion: Maternal diabetes, maternal smoking and syndromes are significant risk factors of CHD in children visiting Aljalila cardiology clinic. Action needs to be taken in order to decrease these risk factors and so, decrease the incidence of CHD in the future. Clearly, more research is needed in order to identify other risk factors for patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Association of MTHFD Gene Polymorphisms and Maternal Smoking With Risk of Congenital Heart Disease: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Song ◽  
Qiongxuan Li ◽  
Jingyi Diao ◽  
Jinqi Li ◽  
Yihuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Maternal Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: MTHFD may affect the embryonic development by elevated homocysteine levels, DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, but limited number of genetic variants of MTHFD was focused on the association with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study examined the role of MTHFD and maternal smoking in CHD risk, and investigated their interaction effects in Chinese populations. Methods: A case-control study of 464 mothers of CHD infants and 504 mothers of health controls was performed. The exposures of interest were maternal tobacco exposure, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of maternal MTHFD gene. The logistic regression model was used for accessing the strength of association.Results: Mothers exposed to secondhand smoke during three months before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.15) and in the first trimester of pregnancy (aOR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.57-3.20) were observed an increased risk of CHD. Our study also found that polymorphisms of maternal MTHFD gene at rs1950902 (AA vs. GG: aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.01-2.97), rs2236222 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.38-4.12), rs1256142 (GA vs.GG: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.45) and rs11849530 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02-2.77) were significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Furthermore, we found the different degrees of interaction effects between polymorphisms of the MTHFD gene including rs1950902, rs2236222, rs1256142, rs11849530 and rs2236225, and maternal tobacco exposure.Conclusions: Maternal polymorphisms of MTHFD gene at rs1950902, rs2236222, rs1256142 and rs11849530, maternal tobacco exposure and their interactions are significantly increased the risk of CHD in offspring. However, more studies in different ethnic populations with a larger sample and prospective designs are required to confirm our findings.Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=28300&htm=4

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