Thermal activity thresholds of the parasitic wasp Lysiphlebus testaceipes and its aphid prey: implications for the efficacy of biological control

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWENNAN E. HUGHES ◽  
EMILY OWEN ◽  
GUIDO STERK ◽  
JEFFREY S. BALE
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Aphid Prey

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lysiphlebus testaceipes parasitizing Aphis gossypii in watermelon in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2030-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pacelli Medeiros Macedo ◽  
Edmondson Reginaldo Moura Filho ◽  
Adriano Soares Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Souza Bezerra ◽  
Luís Cláudio Paterno Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The State ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Almost All

This is the first report of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) as a biological control agent of the aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in watermelon crop in Vale do Açu, RN. It was observed that near the harvest, almost all collected aphids were mummified, and after analyzing the emerged parasitoids, the parasitoid L. testaceipes was identified. Therefore, in the future, this species may be included in A. gossypii integrated management programs.

scholarly journals Host Specificity of the Parasitic Wasp Anaphes flavipes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and a New Defence in Its Hosts (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Oulema spp.)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Alena Samková ◽  
Jiří Hadrava ◽  
Jiří Skuhrovec ◽  
Petr Janšta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Study Laboratory

The parasitic wasp Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an important egg parasitoid of cereal leaf beetles. Some species of cereal leaf beetle co-occur in the same localities, but the host specificity of the wasp to these crop pests has not yet been examined in detail. A lack of knowledge of host specificity can have a negative effect on the use of this wasps in biological control programs addressed to specific pest species or genus. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the host specificity of A. flavipes for three species of cereal leaf beetles (Oulema duftschmidi Redtenbacher, 1874, Oulema gallaeciana Heyden, 1879 and Oulema melanopus Linnaeus, 1758) in central Europe. For the first time, a new host defence against egg parasitoids occurring in O. gallaeciana from localities in the Czech Republic, a strong dark sticky layer on the egg surface, was found and described. The host specificity of A. flavipes was studied in the locality with the presence of this defence on O. gallaeciana eggs (the dark sticky layer) (Czech Republic) and in a control locality (Germany), where no such host defence was observed. Contrary to the idea that a host defence mechanism can change the host specificity of parasitoids, the wasps from these two localities did not display any differences in that. Respectively, even though it has been observed that eggs with sticky dark layer can prevent parasitization, the overall rate of parasitization of the three species of cereal beetles has not been affected. However, in our view, new host defence can influence the effects of biological control, as eggs of all Oulema spp. in the locality are protected against parasitization from the wasps stuck on the sticky layer of the host eggs of O. gallaeciana.

Determinants of genetic structure of the Sub-Saharan parasitic wasp Cotesia sesamiae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Branca ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
Boaz Muzyoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Cotesia Sesamiae ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Strains

AbstractParasitoid life style represents one of the most diversified life history strategies on earth. There are however very few studies on the variables associated with intraspecific diversity of parasitoid insects, especially regarding the relationship with spatial, biotic and abiotic ecological factors. Cotesia sesamiae is a Sub-Saharan stenophagous parasitic wasp that parasitizes several African stemborer species with variable developmental success. The different host-specialized populations are infected with different strains of Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium widespread in arthropods that is known for impacting life history traits notably reproduction, and consequently species distribution. In this study, first we analyzed the genetic structure of C. sesamiae across Sub-Saharan Africa, using 8 microsatellite markers, and 3 clustering software. We identified five major population clusters across Sub-Saharan Africa, which probably originated in East African Rift region and expanded throughout Africa in relation to host genus and abiotic factors such as climatic classifications. Using laboratory lines, we estimated the incompatibility between the different strains of Wolbachia infecting C. sesamiae. We observed an incompatibility between Wolbachia strains was asymmetric; expressed in one direction only. Based on these results, we assessed the relationships between direction of gene flow and Wolbachia infections in the genetic clusters. We found that Wolbachia-induced reproductive incompatibility was less influential than host specialization in the genetic structure. Both Wolbachia and host were more influential than geography and current climatic conditions. These results are discussed in the context of African biogeography, and co-evolution between Wolbachia, virus parasitoid and host, in the perspective of improving biological control efficiency through a better knowledge of the biodiversity of biological control agents.

scholarly journals Regulatory potential of parasitoids over Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 populations (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under semiarid laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Raouf Bensaad ◽  
Yannick Outreman ◽  
Anne le Ralec ◽  
Yamina Guenaoui
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Aphidius Matricariae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Regulatory Potential ◽  
Semi Arid

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el potencial regulador de Lysiphlebus testaceipes y Aphidius matricariae sobre Aphis gossypii en condiciones de laboratorio semiáridas. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la longevidad de las hembras de L. testaceipes fue significativamente menor que la de A. matricariae. El porcentaje diario de momificación fue más importante para L. testaceipes que para A. matricariae y disminuyó con la edad de los parasitoides. En general, las tasas de momificación y de emergencia fueron más altas en L. testaceipes. La descendencia de A. matricariae se desarrolló en menos tiempo que la de L. testaceipes. La proporción sexual no varió respecto a las especies parasitoides. Con nuestros resultados, L. testaceipes fue más efectivo para el control biológico de A. gossypii en patata en agro-ecosistemas semiáridos. This study aims to evaluate the regulatory potential of Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Aphidius matricariae over Aphis gossypii in semiarid laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the longevity of L. testaceipes females was significantly lower than A. matricariae ones. The daily mummification rate of aphid was more important for L. testaceipes than for A. matricariae and declined with parasitoids age. Overall, both the mummification rates and the emergence rates were the highest in L. testaceipes. A. matricariae offspring developed in a shorter time compared to L. testaceipes ones. The overall sex ratio did not vary according to parasitoid species. From our results L. testaceipes was more effective for the biological control of A. gossypii on potato in the semi-arid agro-ecosystems.

scholarly journals Geographic structure with no evidence for host-associated lineages in European populations of Lysiphlebus testaceipes, an introduced biological control agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Mitrović ◽  
Andjeljko Petrović ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Petr Starý ◽  
Olivera Petrović-Obradović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
European Populations

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for DNA fingerprinting and genetic variability assessment of minute parasitic wasp species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae) used in biological control programs of phytophagous insects

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit S. Landry ◽  
Louise Dextraze ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

Biological control of insects that feed on our crops has become more practical in recent years by mass release of egg parasitoid microhymenoptera. Trichogramma species are now commercially reared and spread in commercial fields to control specific insect pests. Microhymenoptera species are, however, very small and morphologically indistinguishable within species, although strains of a given species differ in their efficiency to control specific insect pests. Traditional taxonomy is unable to differentiate microhymenoptera species at the strain level. It is becoming increasingly important to develop a reliable system to monitor genetic variations both within and between strains of commercially important microhymenoptera, to detect genetic drift occurring during several generations of multiplication, to protect patents, and to certify the lots of commercially released microhymenoptera. We have developed a system based on DNA markers to rapidly characterize individuals of five species of microhymenoptera from the genus Anaphes and Trichogramma including a new species of Anaphes not previously described. The main components of our system are a rapid and simple DNA micro-extraction method and fast DNA polymorphism analyses based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.Key words: genetic mapping, population genetics, Anaphes spp., Trichogramma spp., RAPD, DNA markers, DNA fingerprinting.

scholarly journals Response to clover root weevil outbreaks in South Canterbury, Otago and Southland; the agricultural sector and government working together

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hardwick ◽  
C.M. Ferguson ◽  
P. Mccauley ◽  
W. Nichol ◽  
R. Kyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Microctonus Aethiopoides

Clover root weevil was first discovered in the northern South Island in 2006, and an introduced biocontrol agent the parasitoid wasp Microctonus aethiopoides, was immediately released there in response. As the weevil spread southwards, ongoing releases and natural parasitoid dispersal generally supressed it to economically tolerable levels. However, mild winters in the southern South Island during 2013 and 2014 allowed weevil populations to grow and spread quicker than the parasitoid. This severely impacted white clover production and farm profitability in parts of South Canterbury, Otago and Southland, thus, scientists and industry conducted 18 months of intensive parasitoid releases of ca. 1.1 million parasitised weevils at 6000 sites. The parasitoid rapidly established at all 50 monitored release sites and dispersed from them. The biocontrol agent now occurs at all locations in South Canterbury, Otago, Southland, and elsewhere in New Zealand, where clover root weevil is present. Keywords: biological control, pest spread, parasitic wasp, Sitona obsoletus, Microctonus aethiopoides, South Canterbury, Southland, Otago

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